Washington Takes Office

1. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: We will learn about the precedents (firsts/examples) that George Washington made as President. We will learn about Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's, economic plan for America. We will learn about the Whiskey Rebellion and how George Washington responded to rioting in the new country. LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES: We will read, discuss, see visuals, answer questions, and write about the Presidency of George Washington. Washington Takes Office

2. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 Washington Takes Office

3. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 Washington Takes Office George Washington made it clear by his choice of title that the “President of the United States” would not be a king or royalty like in Europe, but a citizen of the new nation.

4. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 Washington Takes Office

5. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 Washington’s First Steps Washington Takes Office Washington’s inauguration took place at Federal Hall in New York City which was the nation’s capitol at that time. On April 30,1789, George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States.

6. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.278 Washington’s First Steps “There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent.” Washington Takes Office President Washington set a precedent of giving a speech after his inauguration. Every president since has given a speech telling how they are going to start leading the country. This was just one of many “firsts” the president would make that other presidents have followed.

7. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 Washington Takes Office

8. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 The First Cabinet George Washington set another precedent by asking Congress to create executive departments to help him run the government. They became known as the President’s Cabinet. Washington Takes Office Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Washington chose well-known leaders to advice him about how to run the country. He chose Thomas Jefferson to be Secretary of State to help with foreign policy and Alexander Hamilton to be Secretary of the Treasury to help with the economy.

9. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 Washington Takes Office

10. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 The Federal Court System Washington Takes Office The Constitution did not tell how many Federal Courts there would be, so Congress had to create the court system by passing the Judiciary Act of 1789 which set up a Supreme Court with 6 members, federal district courts, and circuit courts (like Appeals courts today).

11. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 The Federal Court System Washington Takes Office John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Here he can be seen in his judge’s robes.

12. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.279 Washington Takes Office

13. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Washington Takes Office

14. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Reducing the Nation’s Debt As you recall, the United States was still deep in debt from the Revolutionary War. The U.S. owed foreign countries, citizens, and soldiers money that they borrowed to fight and win the war. Washington Takes Office Most of the money was borrowed by selling savings bonds. A bond is a promise by the government to repay the money a citizen loaned the government plus a certain amount of interest on a certain date in the future.

15. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Hamilton’s Plan The problem Alexander Hamilton faced was that the U.S. was bringing in very little money and owed a lot of money back to people for the bonds they bought. Washington Takes Office

16. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Washington Takes Office Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of the Treasury

17. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Washington Takes Office Alexander Hamilton Hamilton’s plan was to buy back or pay off the old bonds by giving people new bonds (worth more money in the future). This would give the government time to earn money and time for the economy to improve so they could pay off the new bonds. OLD Bond NEW bond

18. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.280 Washington Takes Office

19. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.281 Washington Takes Office Debating Hamilton’s Plan

20. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.281 Washington Takes Office Balancing the Budget Reducing the National Debt Madison’s complaints: 1. Speculators were buying up old bonds and might make lots of money instead of the people who were given the bonds. 2. Southern States have already paid off most of their debt, so it’s not fair to use their tax money to pay off northern debts. Hamilton wants: 1. To pay off old bonds and debts immediately by issuing (selling) new bonds. 2. To pay off state’s debts from the federal (national) tax money.

21. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.281 Washington Takes Office

22. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.281 Washington Takes Office Pierre L’Enfant’s early plan for the city of Washington D.C.

23. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 Washington Takes Office

24. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 Hamilton’s Plan Washington Takes Office + + = Bank of U.S. for loans Tariff on imports Tax on Whiskey Out of DEBT Hamilton’s plan was to create a Bank of the United States (even though it isn’t in the Constitution) which could loan money to farmers and businesses, put protective tariffs on many goods coming to America to help American businesses, and put a tax on whiskey. All of these things should put money in the treasury.

25. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 Washington Takes Office

26. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 The Whiskey Rebellion Washington Takes Office Tarred and feathered tax collector Many farmers who turned their corn into whiskey hated the new tax on liquor which cut into their profits. In Pennsylvania, the farmers started a rebellion against the tax.

27. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 The Whiskey Rebellion Washington Takes Office

28. Chapter 9 section 1 pg.282 The Whiskey Rebellion Washington Takes Office President Washington inspecting the troops who stopped the Whiskey Rebellion George Washington used a show of strength having troops quickly respond to the rebellion, showing the country that their new government was strong enough to rule a nation.