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PSYCHOLOGY 101

PSYCHOLOGY 101. PSYCHOLOGY 101. T A – Lisa Meschino. Lecture – May 6, 2008. Lecture – May 6, 2008. What Is Psychology?. The scientific study of behavior and the mind and the interactions with the body and the environment Which helps to EXPLAIN, PREDICT, CHANGE or PREVENT behaviors.

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PSYCHOLOGY 101

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  1. PSYCHOLOGY 101 PSYCHOLOGY 101 T A – Lisa Meschino

  2. Lecture – May 6, 2008 • Lecture – May 6, 2008

  3. What Is Psychology? • The scientific study of behavior and the mind and the interactions with the body and the environment • Which helps to EXPLAIN, PREDICT, CHANGE or PREVENT behaviors

  4. THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY ENVIRONMENT COGNITIVE PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL

  5. What is Psychology? • Basic Research • “Pure science” research that tests theories and builds a foundation of knowledge. • Applied Research/Professional Specialities • Research that aims to solve practical human problems. • Examples of applied research areas include health, education, business, law, etc.

  6. BASIC RESEARCH – 7 areas • Developmental Psychology • Social Psychology • Experimental Psychology • Physiological Psychology • Cognitive Psychology • Personality • Psychometrics • Medical & Neuropsychology

  7. APPLIED RESEARCH and PROFESSIONAL SPECIALITIES – 5 major areas • Clinical Psychology • Counselling Psychology • Educational/School Psychology • Industrial/Organizational Psychology (incl. Community/Social Psychology)‏ • Medical/Health Psychology

  8. Psychology Today: A Thriving Science and Profession • Psychology is the science that studies behaviour and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems. • Research: Seven major areas - Personality, Psychometrics, Social, Cognitive, Physiological, Developmental, and Experimental • Applied Psychology: Five major areas - Clinical, Counselling, Educational and School, and Industrial Organization, Medical and Health Psychology

  9. Scientific Methods • Scientific methods unify the discipline of psychology • A basic goal in science is critical thinking • An approach to information that involves • challenging assumptions • systematic observations • a reliance on evidence • a careful scrutiny of the methods used to derive evidence

  10. Ethics Considerations in Human Research • Deception • A research procedure used to mislead participants about the true purpose of the study • If deception is used, debriefing is necessary. • Informed Consent • The ethical requirement that prospective participants receive enough information to decide freely whether to participate in a study • And, data must be kept confidential, discomfort must be minimized, and one must be free to withdraw at any time.

  11. Ethics Considerations in Animal Research • Animal Welfare • Minimization of pain and stress and humane treatment are universally supported. • Allegations of mistreatment in laboratories are rarely supported by facts. • Animal Rights • There is no consensus over whether animals have similar rights as humans.

  12. Contemporary Psychology: Cultural Diversity • Ethnocentrism – viewing one’s own group as superior and as the standard for judging • Historically: middle and upper class white males studying middle and upper class white males • 1980’s – increased interest in how cultural factors influence behaviour • growing global interdependence • increased cultural diversity

  13. Studying Psychology: Seven Organizing Themes • Themes related to psychology as a field of study: Psychology is empirical (Theme 1)‏ Psychology is theoretically diverse (Theme 2)‏ Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context (Theme 3). • Themes related to psychology’s subject matter: • Behaviour is determined by multiple causes (Theme 4)‏ • Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage (Theme 5)‏ • Behaviour is influenced jointly by heredity and environment (Theme 6). • Finally, people’s experience of the world is highly subjective (Theme 7).

  14. ONCE UPON A TIME.......

  15. RECAP/REVIEW • Basic paradigm of PSYCHOLOGY Basic and Applied Research • How information is gathered • Main areas of Basic and Applied Research • Scientific method/Critical Thinking • Ethical considerations in research • Cultural Diversity in Psychology • Seven organizing themes of the text • The STORY OF ZOYA

  16. TEXT READINGS • Chapters 1 & 2 • FOR NEXT WEEK: • Chapter 10 • Chapter 16: pp 674-679

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