IMPERIALISM

1. IMPERIALISM

2. SPAIN WORLD AND RIZAL Latin America American Civil War: Negro Slavery Central America America: re-opened Japan (after 214) Continued: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines Napoleon III & France : Mexico COLONIAL POWER OF SPAIN: Italy vs Austrians & France • INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION • CORRUPT OFFICIALS (Gov. Generals) • NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES • HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED • NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW • MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE • RACIAL DISCRIMINATION • FRAILOCRACY • FORCED LABOR • HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS • GUARDIA CIVIL Germans vs. France England: world’s leading imperialist power Hong Kong, India, Burma, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Egypt, Malaysia, etc. Germany vs Spain Pope Leo XIII

4. Hong Kong, India, Burma, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Egypt, Malaysia, etc.

5. CHURCH • “Enlightened” • Authority: Education • Knowledge as Power • Consultant of the King

6. A B C D • INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION • CORRUPT OFFICIALS • NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES • HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED • NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW • MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE • RACIAL DISCRIMINATION • FRAILOCRACY • FORCED LABOR • HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS • GUARDIA CIVIL E F G H I J K L M

7. INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION • struggles between the forces of despotism (single entity rules with absolute power/ one power/ one master)and liberalism

8. CORRUPTION: • BRIBERY • NEPOTISM

9. CORRUPT OFFICIALS (Gov. Generals) • Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo • Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera • Gen. Valeriano Weyler • Gen. Camilo de Polavieja

10. Spain’s loss of colonies in Latin America: • penniless Spaniards came to the Philippines • Immediate appointment to higher offices: skin color • They were either relatives or protégés of civil officials and friars. • They became rich by illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino families.

11. NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES • Spain granted locals from their colonies representation in the Cortes, thus Spanish parliament government. (functions: representation, legislation, hearings or inquiries) • To win the support of her overseas colonies during the Napoleonic Invasion • the Philippine conditions worsened because: • there was no means by which the Filipino people could expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials. • Result: Propaganda Movement that led to Philippine Revolution

12. HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED • Result of no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes • Freedom for Filipinos was denied

13. NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW • Missionaries: • “All men, irrespective of color and race, are equal before God.” • Brown-skinned Filipinos are inferior beings: subjects to be exploited • Brown Filipinos and white Spaniards may be equal before God, but not before the law and certainly not in practice.

14. MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE • Justice was costly, partial, and slow. • Poor Filipinos had no access to the courts because they could not afford the heavy expenses of litigation. • Wealth, social, prestige, and color of skin were preponderant factors in winning a case in court. • Justice delayed is justice denied: Juan de la Cruz (1886-1898) – 12 yrs

15. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION • brown-skinned and flat-nosed Filipinos as: • “INDIOS” (Indians) • Spaniards as: • “BANGUS” (Milkfish) • A Spaniard, no matter how stupid he was, always enjoyed political and social prestige and superiority. • Fr. Jose Burgos: • complained the Spanish misconception that a man’s merit depended on the pigment of his skin

16. FRAILOCRACY • union of Church and State • “government of friars” • tremendous political power, influence, and riches. • Condemn a filipino filibustero (traitor) • Autonomy of education • portrayed by Rizal in his novels as Padre Damaso and Padre Salvi

17. FORCED LABOR • “POLO:” • forced labor imposed on Filipinos in the construction of infrastructures and public works • “Falla:” • sum of money paid to government to be exempted from the polo. • ABUSES: • FIRST: Spanish residents, contrary to law, • were not recruited for “polo” • SECOND: Laborers received only • a part of their supposed original stipend. • Worse, they got nothing. (Gratis) • THIRD: this caused inconvenience and suffering because : • common laborers are disturbed from their work in farms, shops, • far from homes and towns.

18. HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS • The rural folks became: • tenants. • loss of their lands which belonged to their ancestors since pre-Spanish times • FRIARS obtained royal titles of ownership from: the Spanish Crown. • Rizal and agrarian reforms ---Retaliation: • rentals are raised • “INDOLENCE (lack of concern) OF FILIPINOS”: Deceptions made by friars making the local folks believe that plantations are prospering because they were under their care.

19. GUARDIA CIVIL (Constabulary) • Constable: • “Law Enforcement” (to serve and to protect) • Supposed to maintain peace and order in the society • They don’t observe their duty: maltreating innocent people, looting their livelihoods, raping women • Rizal directed his stinging satire against the hatred Guardia Civil, through Elias in Noli Me Tangere.