Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 Principles of Pest Management

2. Right of Way Areas • Highways • Utility areas • Pumping stations • Drainage ways • Railroads, airports • Paths and trails

3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses all available tactics and strategies to manage pests. Minimal impact to the environment.

4. In right- of - way pest management, woody and herbaceous plant species are the major pests. Not easy to define a crop-pest relationship.-

5. The “crop” of right-of-ways is the services the right-of-way provides.

6. Right of Way IPMComponents • Pest identification • Monitoring • Site specific requirements • Development & implementation of control strategies • Evaluation of effectiveness

7. Record Keeping • Control measures, dates • Pesticides & related info • ID of crew & equipment • Environmental conditions

8. Pest Management Techniques • Biological control • Cultural control • Mechanical control • Chemical control

9. Biological controls focus on enhancing the effects of natural enemies.

10. Production by plants of chemicals that inhibit the growth of nearby plants. - black walnut - quackgrass - sunflower Allelopathy

11. Cultural Controls • Time of planting • Nurse crops • Controlled burning • Mulching • Shading • Sanitation

12. Mechanical Control • Mechanical / manual • Mowing, trimming, cutting • mowing height must control weed plants and encourage desired vegetation

13. Chemical Control • Flexibility • “Brown out” • Timing.. Limited • Public Perceptions

14. Site Requirements & Pest Species • Will help to determine… • pesticide to use • application technique • timing • equipment selection • mixing rate and additives

15. Attitudes have changed. Not all woody vegetation is considered undesirable.

16. Environmental Concerns • Wetlands are critical sensitive to chemicals • Use extreme care to avoid exposing wetlands and surface waters to pesticides • use a anti-back flow device

17. Chapter 2 Weed Plants and Trees

18. Weed = any plant growing where it is not wanted.

19. Developmental Stages • Seedling • Vegetative • Seed Production • Maturity

20. Plant Types • Annual • summer • winter • Biennial • Perennial

21. Plant Classification • Grasses • monocots, fibrous root system, growth point at soil surface, annual or perennial • Sedges • similar to grasses, triangular stems, perennial

22. Plant Classification • Herbaceous broadleaves • annual, biennial, perennial • net like venation • dicots • diverse growth points • underground reproductive systems

23. Plant Classification • Vines • Brush & trees • Ferns • spore reproduction, rhizomes • Parasitic seed plants • dodder

24. Aquatic PlantClassification • Emergent • Floating • Submergent • Algae

25. Submergent plants have a thin outer layer on their leaves and are very susceptible to herbicide injury.

26. You must obtain a permit from DEQ (DNR) to control aquatic plants. Excluding: < 2 acres, no outlet, not RUP

27. Ash: black, white, green

28. Black locust

29. Boxelder: ash- leaf maple

30. Red maple (soft maple)

31. Sassafras

32. Black willow

33. Black cherry

34. American elm

35. Trembling aspen, poplar

36. Chicory

37. Cattail

38. Goldenrod

39. Wild carrot (Queen Anne’s lace)

40. Poison ivy

41. Canada thistle

42. Musk Thistle

43. Purple loosestrife

44. Phragmites

45. Chapter 3 Herbicides & Weeds

46. Herbicides are pesticides that control weeds.

47. Factors Affecting Herbicidal Action • Herbicidal action characteristics • Plant characteristics • Climatic factors

48. Herbicidal ActionCharacteristics • Foliage or root absorbed • Contact or translocated • Persistent or non- persistent • Selective or Non- selective

49. Plant Characteristics • Growing points • Leaf shape • Wax & cuticle • Leaf hairs

50. Plant Characteristics • Deactivation • Stage in life cycle • Timing of stages in life cycle