An ABC Book of Slavery and Emancipation

1. By: Ashton, Haley, Stella, and Tyler An ABC Book of Slavery andEmancipation

2. A is for Abolitionists • Abolitionist- people who wanted to abolish slavery, or end it • Abraham Lincoln was a famous abolitionist and he was also the president of the United States • The goal of the abolitionist was the immediate emancipation of all slaves of the end of racial discrimination and segregation

3. B is forBlack Codes • Black Codes-laws that restricted the rights of African Americans • Under the lenient Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson, white southerners reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate. In 1865 and 1866, they enacted a series over restrictive laws known as “Black Codes”, which were designed to restrict free blacks’ rights.

4. C is forCotton • Cotton was the main cash crop in the south, it was often referred to as “King Cotton” • Most commonly used phrase describing the growth of the American Economy in the 1830’s and 1840’s was “Cotton is King”

5. D is for Fredrick Douglass • Fredrick Douglass was born into slavery, after escaping, Douglass gave speeches about his early life. He also published an antislavery newspaper called The North Star

6. EisforTheEmancipationProclamation • Emancipation Proclamation- a document that on January 1, 1863 that all enslaved people in the Confederacy were emancipated, or freed • The Emancipation Proclamation did not free all the slaves in the United States, rather it declared free only those slaves living in states under Union control

7. F is for Free States • Free states- states in which slavery is not allowed • An example of a free state is Maine

8. G is for General Ulysses S. Grant • General Ulysses Grant- • born April 27th 1822 Point Pleasant Ohio, he died July 23rd 1885

9. H is for Harriet Tubman • She was a spy , scout , and nurse for the Union • Harriet Tubman was a well-known conductor for the underground railroad ,and never lost a passenger • She was born a slave

10. I is for Ironclad • Ironclad- an iron-covered battle ship • The Confederacy built the first ironclad ship, the CSS Virginia, formerly the USS Merrimack • To counter this new threat, the Union built the ironclad the USS Monitor

11. J is for “Stonewall” Jackson • General Thomas Jackson was standing firm with his troops. One Confederate officer shouted “There stands Jackson like a stonewall!” From that day forward “Stonewall” Jackson became a Confederate hero • Jackson died in the battle of Chancellorsville in 1863

12. K is for the Ku Klux Klan • The Ku Klux Klan was a clan that disguised in white robes and hoods , they terrorized African Americans with night raids. • Ku Klux Klan- a group including many confederate veterans founded the first branch of the KKK as a social club in Pulaski, TN in 1867

13. L is for General Robert E Lee Robert E. Lee (1807-70) served as a U.S. military officer in the U.S. army ,a West Point commandant and the legendary general of the Confederacy of the American Civil War (1861-1865)

14. M is for Malice • Malice is the desire to harm others • Lincoln once said ,” With malice toward none , with charity for all

15. N is for the “Hornet’s Nest” • At one spot along a sunken road , bullets buzzed through the air. The place became known as the “Hornet’s Nest” • This took place during the Battle of Shiloh

16. O is for Confederate Officers • A third of the nations officers joined the confederate army, including Robert E. Lee , the most respected general in the Army.

17. P is for Anaconda PLan • General Winfield Scott , the commander of the Union Army , made a plan to win the war . This plan to win the war. This plan would make it more difficult for the South to get supplies it needed to fight the war . he called it the anaconda plan.

18. Q is for Quartermasters • Quartermaster-the officer who was responsible for supplying clothing , supplies and f0od for the troops

19. R is for Rose Greenhow • She served as a confederate spy • Before being caught , she directed a group of spies from her home in Washington , D.C

20. S is for General Sherman • His name was William Tecumseh Sherman • He lead the union forces in the west . Following the anaconda plan , he marched his troops across Tennessee and Georgia to squeeze the south. • He told his men to destroy anything of value to the enemy.

21. T is for The Gettysburg address • The Gettysburg address is known as one of the greatest speeches in American history. • It was used to dedicate a cemetery for dead Union soldiers.

22. U is for the Underground Railroad • Underground railroad-a system of tunnels , and river crossings that lead to the north that slaves took to escape to the north. • People who helped the slaves were called conductors .Escaped slaves were called passengers . places where they could eat and rest were called stations.

23. V is for Victory • The victors of the civil war were the Union • On April 9,1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia

24. W is for Civil War • The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861 • The last battle of the Civil War was when Grant put a ten month siege on Petersburg which was a key railroad center south of Richmond • Civil War-a war among people who live in the same country

25. X is for Xenophobia • Xenophobia-A phobic attitude towards strangers of the unknown

26. Y is for Yankees • Yankees- a northerner during the civil war , often a term used by southerners

27. Z is for Zong (slave ship) • One of the biggest cases in the history of Atlantic slave trade brought out the issues of carelessness and careless acts