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Router Configuration

Router Configuration. CISCO 2500 series router. A router is a special type of computer. It has the same basic components as a standard desktop PC. It has a CPU, memory, a system bus, and various input/output interfaces. . Router Components: RAM.

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Router Configuration

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  1. Router Configuration

  2. CISCO 2500 series router

  3. A router is a special type of computer. It has the same basic components as a standard desktop PC. It has a CPU, memory, a system bus, and various input/output interfaces.

  4. Router Components: RAM RAM has the following characteristics and functions: • Stores routing tables • Holds ARP cache • Holds fast-switching cache • Performs packet buffering as shared RAM • Maintains packet-hold queues • Provides temporary memory for the configuration file of a router while the router is powered on • Loses content when a router is powered down or restarted

  5. Router Components: NVRAM NVRAM has the following characteristics and functions: • Provides storage for the startup configuration file • Retains content when a router is powered down or restarted

  6. Router Components: Flash memory Flash memory has the following characteristics and functions: • Holds the IOS image • Allows software to be updated without removing and replacing chips on the processor • Retains content when a router is powered down or restarted • Can store multiple versions of IOS software • Is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)

  7. Router Components: ROM ROM has the following characteristics and functions: • Maintains instructions for power-on self test (POST) diagnostics • Stores bootstrap program and basic operating system software • Requires replacing pluggable chips on the motherboard for software upgrades

  8. Router Components: Interfaces Interfaces have the following characteristics and functions: • Connect routers to a network for packet entry and exit • Can be on the motherboard or on a separate module

  9. Console port connections

  10. Router Configuration

  11. Cisco IOS Software • Basic routing and switching functions • Reliable and secure access to networked resources • Network scalability • Router> show version • …<output omitted>… • cisco 2620 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x102) with 59392K/6144K bytes of memory • Router>show flash

  12. Router# configure terminal Router(config)# • Type exit or Ctrl-Z to return Router(config)#hostname Tokyo Tokyo(config)# Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password <password >

  13. show commands • show ? – any time for help with commands type ? • Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 • show clock - Shows the time set in the router • show hosts - Displays a cached list of host names and addresses • show users - Displays all users who are connected to the router • show history - Displays a history of commands • show flash - information about flash memory and IOS files • show version - currently loaded software version and hardware • show protocols - status of configured Layer 3 protocols • show startup-config - saved configuration located in NVRAM • show running-config

  14. Configuring interfaces • Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 • Router(config-if)# ip address <ip address > <netmask > • Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 • Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000 • Router(config-if)#no shutdown • Router#copy running-config startup-config • Router#erase startup-config

  15. Routing and Routing Protocols • dynamic routing, • static routing • ip route command to manually configure a static route. • administrative distance is an optional parameter that indicates the reliability of a route. • waycross(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.4.1130 • Route can be configure by outgoing interface or next hop ip address. • default route is given by ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop-address | outgoing interface ]

  16. Routing and Routing Protocols

  17. Dynamic Routing Two types of dynamic routing: • Distance vector • Link-state routing protocols: • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routed protocols : • Internet Protocol (IP) • Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) • Autonomous systems - 16-bit identification number • Routing protocols, e.g. Cisco IGRP, require assignment of a unique AS

  18. Dynamic Routing

  19. Configuring Dynamic Routing • BHM(config) #router rip – Selects RIP as the routing protocol • BHM(config-router) #network 10.0.0.0 – Specifies a directly connected network • BHM(config-router) # network 192.168.13.0 – Specifies a directly connected network • RIP was originally specified in RFC 1058 : • It is a distance vector routing protocol. • Hop count is used as the metric for path selection. • If the hop count is greater than 15, the packet is discarded. • Routing updates are broadcast every 30 seconds, by default. • Load balancing among multiple equidistance path

  20. Troubleshooting • ABC#show ip protocols • ABC#show ip route • ABC#show interfaceinterface • ABC#show ip interfaceinterface • ABC#show running-config • show ip rip database • show ip protocols {summary} • debug ip rip {events} • ip interface brief

  21. IGRP • IGRP uses the following metrics: • Bandwidth – The lowest bandwidth value in the path • Delay – The cumulative interface delay along the path • Reliability – The reliability on the link toward the destination as determined by the exchange of keepalives • Load – The load

  22. RouterA(config) #router igrpas-number

  23. More on Routing… • OSPF and EIGRP • EGP and IGP • Switching • VLAN • Access Control List (ACL)

  24. OSPF • OSPF is a nonproprietary link-state routing protocol. • It is a link-state routing protocol. • It is an open standard routing protocol described in RFC 2328. • The SPF algorithm is used to calculate the lowest cost to a destination. • Routing updates are flooded as topology changes occur. # router ospfprocess-id # network net-address wildcard-maskareaarea-id

  25. EIGRP • EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary enhanced distance vector routing protocol. • It is an enhanced distance vector routing protocol. • It uses unequal cost load balancing. • It uses a combination of distance vector and link-state features (hybrid). • It uses Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path. • Routing updates are multicast using 224.0.0.10 triggered by topology changes. Max hop 255 RA(config-router)#router eigrpautonomous-system-number RA(config-router)# network network-number

  26. BGP • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an exterior routing protocol. • It is a distance vector exterior routing protocol. • It is used between ISPs or ISPs and clients. • It is used to route Internet traffic between autonomous systems.

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