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Annex IV- Overview of International Legal Instruments on Land-Based Sources and Activities

Annex IV- Overview of International Legal Instruments on Land-Based Sources and Activities. Dr. Sergei Vinogradov National Workshop for Ukraine in Support of Capacity-Building of National and Local Authorities Responsible for the Implementation of the LBSA Protocol to the Bucharest Convention

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Annex IV- Overview of International Legal Instruments on Land-Based Sources and Activities

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  1. Annex IV- Overview of International Legal Instruments on Land-Based Sources and Activities Dr. Sergei Vinogradov National Workshop for Ukraine in Support of Capacity-Building of National and Local Authorities Responsible for the Implementation of the LBSA Protocol to the Bucharest Convention Odessa, 1-2 March 2007

  2. Formation of the LBSA Regimes • Global Frameworks • 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea • General provisions concerning LB pollution (Arts. 194, 207, 213) • Emphasis on regional approach • UNEP Montreal Guidelines 1985 • Agenda 21, 1992 • Global Programme of Action 1995 • Johannesburg Plan of Implementation 2002

  3. Global Programme of Action (1) • Objectives: • Prevent the degradation of the marine environment from land based activities, including the physical alteration and destruction of habitats • Assistance to governments • Source of conceptual principles and practical measures • National level: • Identification and assessment of problems • Establishment of priorities • Setting management objectives for priority problems • Identification, evaluation and selection of strategies • and measures • Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of strategies • and measures • Programme support elements

  4. GPA (2) • Regional Cooperation: • Objectives – To strengthen and, where necessary, create new regional cooperative arrangements and jointactions to support effective action, strategies and programmes • Activities: • Participation in regional and subregional arrangements • Effective functioning of regional and subregional arrangements • Global cooperation • Capacity-building • The mobilization of financial resources • The international institutional framework

  5. GPA - Approaches by source category • Sewage • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) • Radioactive substances • Heavy metals • Oils (Hydrocarbons) • Nutrients • Sediment mobilization • Litter • Physical alterations and destruction of habitats

  6. Regional Cooperation • Conventions (18 instruments, 140 states)) • Baltic Sea (Helsinki) 1974 & 1992 • North Sea – North Atlantic (ОSPAR) 1992 • UNEP “Framework” conventions • Black Sea (Bucharest) 1992 • LBSA Protocols • Mediterranean (Athens 1980/83 & Syracuse 1996 – not in force) • Southeast Pacific (Quito, 1983/86) • ROPME– Gulf (Kuwait, 1990/93) • Black Sea (1992/1994) • Wider Caribbean (Oranjestad, 1999) • Red Sea & the Gulf of Aden (Jeddah, 2005) • East African region (under development) • Caspian Sea (under development)

  7. LBSA instruments: principal features (1) • Helsinki 1992: Art. 6 &AnnexIII • ОSPAR 1992: Art. 3 & AnnexI • Principal instruments – recommendations of regional commissions • UNEP LBSA Protocols • Detailed provisions • Regional specifics • Areas of application – different approaches • Geographical • Substantive – pollution sources & activities

  8. LBSA Instruments:principal features (2) • Principles & main obligations • Earlier (“first generation”) protocols – general obligations of cooperation and preventive measures • Later (“second generation”) protocols – new principles & approaches • Annexes – all protocols • Use of ВЕР & ВАТ • Common standards & criteria • Pollution control:sources & pollutants • Compliance • Additional instruments – Regional plans & programmes of actions

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