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History and Geography The Foundations of Culture

History and Geography The Foundations of Culture. Learning Objectives. The importance of history and geography in the understanding of international markets The effects of history on a country’s culture How culture interprets events through its own eyes

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History and Geography The Foundations of Culture

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  1. History and Geography The Foundations of Culture

  2. Learning Objectives • The importance of history and geography in the understanding of international markets • The effects of history on a country’s culture • How culture interprets events through its own eyes • How the United States moved west and how this more affected attitudes • The effect of geographic diversity on economic profiles of a country • Why markets need to be responsive to geography of a country • Economic effects of controlling population growth versus aging population • Communications are an integral part of international commerce

  3. Territorial Expansion of United States from 1783 • Insert Exhibit 3.1

  4. U.S. Intervention in Latin America Since 1945 • Insert Exhibit 3.2

  5. World Energy Consumption

  6. World Energy Consumption

  7. Dynamics of Population Trends • Controlling population growth • The most important deterrent to population control is cultural attitudes about the importance of large families. • Rural/urban migration • Result of a desire for greater access to sources of education, health care, and improved job opportunities. • Population decline and aging • Population growth in many countries has dropped below the rate necessary to maintain present levels. • A nation needs a fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman. • Not one major country has sufficient internal population growth to maintain itself.

  8. World Population by Region, 2005-2050, and Life Expectancy at Birth, 2005-2010 (millions) • Insert Exhibit 3.4

  9. Rural and Urban Population, 2005-2030 (millions) • Insert Exhibit 3.5

  10. World Trade Routes • Progression of trade routes: • Overland • Sea routes • Air routes • The Internet • Trade routes among Europe, Asia and the Americas were well established by the 1500’s. • Trade routes represent the attempts of countries to overcome economic and social imbalances created in part by the influence of geography.

  11. Communication Links • Telegraph • Telephone • Television • Satellites • Computer • Internet

  12. Summary • A prospective international marketer should be reasonably familiar with the world, its climate, and topographic differences. • Geographic hurdles must be recognized as having a direct effect on marketing and the related activities of communications and distribution. • Without a historical understanding of a culture, the attitudes within the marketplace may not be fully understood. • The study of history and geography is needed to provide the marketer with an understanding of why a country has developed as it has rather than as a guide for adapting marketing plans.

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