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Exchanging of Matter…For Growth, Reproduction, and Organization

Exchanging of Matter…For Growth, Reproduction, and Organization. Big Idea 2: Biological systems ulitilize free energy to do stuff. Essential Knowledge. 2A3: Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization.

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Exchanging of Matter…For Growth, Reproduction, and Organization

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  1. Exchanging of Matter…For Growth, Reproduction, and Organization Big Idea 2: Biological systems ulitilize free energy to do stuff.

  2. Essential Knowledge • 2A3: Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization

  3. Molecules and atoms from the environment are necessary to build new molecules!

  4. Carbon!! • Moves from environment to orgs where it is used to build carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. • Used in storage compounds and cell formation

  5. Carbon Cycle Video Clip

  6. Nitrogen!! • Moves from environment to orgs and is used in building proteins and nucleic acids!

  7. Nitrogen Video Clip!

  8. Phosphorus!! • Moves from environment to orgs where is it used in nucleic acids and phospholipids.

  9. Phosphorus!!

  10. Water!!! • Living systems depend on H2O properties that result from its polarity and hydrogen bonding.

  11. Fig. 3-2 Water = Polar Molecule (Polar covalent bonds!) – Hydrogen bond + • Polarity (H attracted to O) allows H2O molecules to form H bonds w/ each other H —— O – —— + H + – – +

  12. Cohesion • H bonds hold H2O molecules together  cohesion (H H = hydrophilic) • Helps transport water against gravity in plants

  13. Adhesion • Attraction b/t different substances, for example, b/t H2O and plant cell walls • Allows again for H2O to travel up plants.

  14. Water: Universal Solvent of Life • A solution: a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances • A solvent: dissolving agent of a solution (H2O (aqueous) is a good one, supports many rxns) • A solute: substance that is dissolved

  15. The size of a cell affects its ability to get nutrients and eliminate waste products.

  16. The Rule.. • As cells increase in volume  surface area decreases  demand for material resources increases.. • Rule limits cell size…smaller cells have a more favorable exchange rate w/ environment.

  17. Example: Root Hairs • More structures are then needed. • RH: Increases surface area to volume to obtain nutrients for plants to grow bigger.

  18. Example: Microvilli • Found in small intestine; increases surface area to volume ratio in humans to obtain nutrients.

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