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Reproduction

Reproduction. Fertilization – When two gametes come together to form a zygote Zygote - A growing cell that is the result of the gametes coming together. Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. Which of these is the type of reproduction used by Streptococcus?.

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Reproduction

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  1. Reproduction

  2. Fertilization – When two gametes come together to form a zygoteZygote - A growing cell that is the result of the gametes coming together

  3. Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. Which of these is the type of reproduction used by Streptococcus? • Binary fission • Meiosis • Crossing-over • Budding

  4. Cholera bacteria perform binary fission to a. Reproduce asexually b. Digest food rapidly c. Regulate temperature d. Increase body size

  5. Which of these is produced as a result of fertilization: • A zygote with twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete • An egg with half the number of chromosomes as a zygote • A gamete with twice the number of chromosomes as a zygote • A zygote with half the number of chromosomes as a gamete

  6. A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split into two cells, as shown in the diagram. Which of these best describes the process shown in the diagram? • binary fission • Meiosis • Osmosis • sexual reproduction

  7. Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of: • Mitosis • Cloning • Sexual reproduction • Asexual reproduction

  8. What is formed when a male gamete combines with a female gamete? • Zygote • Egg • Sperm • Chromosome

  9. Apomixes is a type of asexual reproduction in which adult plants grown directly from egg cells. Which of these does not occur during apomixes? • Mitosis • Translation • Fertilization • Transcription

  10. 10. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  11. Homologous Chromosomes • Pairs of the same chromosome

  12. Crossing Over • Process by which alleles on homologous chromosomes are exchanged creating genetically unique combinations of genes

  13. Diploid Cells (2n) • Cells with two sets of chromosomes (homologous), body cells

  14. Haploid Cells • Cells with one set of chromosomes, gamete

  15. Sex Cells/Gametes • Haploid cells with only one set of chromosomes ( egg and sperm cells)

  16. Somatic/Body Cells • Diploid cells that are all cells except sex cells ( ex: skin, muscle cells)

  17. Unique combinations of genes are created and thus passed onto offspring Two homologous chromosomes During meiosis, when homologous pair come together (one from mother and one from father), portions/genes are exchanged

  18. Each body cell in an earthworm contains 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of its gametes? • 18 • 36 • 54 • 72

  19. Which of these represents the number of chromosomes in cells before and after the process of meiosis? • n  n • n  2n • 2n n • 2n  2n

  20. After an egg cell containing 16 chromosomes is fertilized, how many chromosomes will be present in the zygote? • 8 • 16 • 32 • 64

  21. A sperm cell of a moth has 112 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the moth’s wing cells? • 66 • 112 • 224 • 448

  22. Reproductive cells are produced during: • Mitosis • Meiosis • Fertilization • Budding

  23. Which of these is produced as a result of fertilization? a. A zygote with twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete b. An egg with half the number of chromosomes as a zygote c. A gamete with twice the number of chromosomes as a zygote d. A zygote with half the number of chromosomes as a gamete

  24. Some coral cells undergo meiosis. Which of these would not occur during meiosis? a. Formation of a zygote b. Chromosomes crossing-over c. Production of gametes d. Reduction in the number of chromosomes

  25. Which of these does not occur during meiosis? a. Production of identical gametes b. Production of new gene combinations c. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes d. Reduction of chromosome number by one-half

  26. Horses have 64 chromosomes in each body cell. If a horse cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes should be in each gamete? a. 16 b. 32 c. 64 d. 128

  27. One kind of chromosomal mutation can occur during meiosis when a pair of chromosomes that carry genes for the same trait fail to separate. Which of these represents the sex chromosomes of a male organism when this type of chromosomal mutation has occurred? a. XXY b. XX c. XY d. XXX

  28. 11. DNA vs. RNA

  29. Nitrogen Bases Phosphate Group Sugar Nucleotide

  30. DNA: Double Stranded (double helix) Thymine Deoxyribose Stores genetic info RNA: Single Stranded Uracil Ribose Involved in protein synthesis Both: Nucleic Acids Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

  31. Look at the DNA Sequence: GAA TTC GCA. What do the G and A represent in the DNA sequence? a. Sugars b. Amino acids c. Phosphates d. Nitrogen bases

  32. Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecules? • Fatty acids • Nucleotides • Amino acids • Chromosomes

  33. Which of these represents the structure of messenger RNA?

  34. Which of the following is correctly matched with its function? • rRNA – contains codes to make new riobsomes • DNA – carries the amino acids to the ribosomes • tRNA – combines with proteins to make up ribosomes • mRNA – carries genetic codes from nucleus to the ribosomes

  35. The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm. • A ribosome • DNA • RNA • An amino acid

  36. Which of these is a nucleotide: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

  37. Which of these is a sugar: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

  38. What is one role of transfer RNA in the cell? a. Preparing the genes for messenger RNA b. Changing nitrogen bases into amino acids c. Preparing messenger RNA for the ribosome d. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

  39. 12. Genetics

  40. Phenotype: • The physical expression of ones genotype

  41. Genotype • The combination of alleles and genes

  42. Cross Aa versus Aa: A a A AA Aa a Aa aa Genotype: AA:Aa:aa, 1:2:1, 25%:50%:25% Phenotype: n/a

  43. A cross between a tall plant (TT) and another tall plant T T T TT TT t Tt Tt Genotype: TT:Tt, 1:1, 50%:50% Phenotype: Tall, 1, 100%

  44. A cross between a homozygous dominant person with Brown Eyes (B) and a homozygous recessive person with blue eyes (b): B B b Bb Bb b Bb Bb Genotype: Bb, 1, 100% Phenotype: Brown, 1, 100%

  45. In humans, the trait for having a second toe that is longer than the big toe (T) is dominant; the trait for having a second toe that is shorter than the big toe (t) is recessive. A family has eight children. Six children have second toes that are longer than the big toe. Two children have second toes that are shorter than the big toe. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents? • Tt and Tt • Tt and tt • TT and tt • TT and TT

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