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Clicker Question

Room Frequency BA. Clicker Question. A solid piece of plastic of volume V, and density ρ plastic is floating partially submerged in a cup of water. (The density of water is ρ water .) What is the buoyant force on the plastic? A) Zero B) ρ plastic V C) ρ water V D) ρ water V g

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Clicker Question

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  1. Room Frequency BA Clicker Question A solid piece of plastic of volume V, and density ρplastic is floating partiallysubmerged in a cup of water. (The density of water is ρwater.) What is the buoyant force on the plastic? A) Zero B) ρplasticV C) ρwaterV D) ρwaterV g E) ρplasticV g FB mplasticg The plastic is in equilibrium so FB = mplasticg = ρplasticV g !

  2. Announcements • CAPA assignment #13 is due on Friday at 10 pm. • This week in Section: Assignment #6 • Start reading Chapter 11 on Vibrations and Waves • I will have regular office hours 1:45 – 3:45 in the Physics Helproom today

  3. Fluids in Motion: Fluid Dynamics Many, many different types of motion depending on particular properties of fluid: waves, rivers, geysers, tornados, hurricanes, ocean currents, trade winds, whirlpools, eddies, tsunamis, earthquakes, and on and on! We’ll focus on the simplest motion: flow

  4. Fluids in Motion: Flow Two main types of flow: Laminar and Turbulent Laminar Turbulent We’ll focus on the simplest flow: laminarflow

  5. Analysis of Flow Analyzing flow at the force level is mathematically complex  Use conservation laws! 1) Conservation of Mass: the Continuity Equation 2) Conservation of Energy: Bernoulli’s Equation

  6. Continuity Equation Consider the flow of a fluid through a pipe in which the cross sectional area changes from A1 to A2 The mass of fluid going in has to equal the mass of fluid coming out: conservation of mass! The speed of the fluids must be different!

  7. Continuity Equation To analyze this mass conservation, we calculate the mass flow rate: Flow rate out = Flow rate in = must equal

  8. Mass Flow Rates Flow rate in = Flow rate out = Continuity Equation:

  9. Continuity for Incompressible Fluids If the fluid is incompressible: ρ1 = ρ2 so Does this make sense?

  10. Room Frequency BA Clicker Question “Incompressible” blood flows out of the heart via the aorta at a speed vaorta. The radius of the aorta raorta= 1.2 cm. What is the speed of the blood in a connecting artery whose radius is 0.6 cm? vaorta 2 vaorta (2)1/2vaorta 4 vaorta 8 vaorta

  11. Bernoulli’s Equation: Conservation of Energy Earlier in the course we learned: Applied to fluid flow, we consider energy of pieces of fluid of mass Δm

  12. Bernoulli’s Equation: Incompressible Fluids Now using and the continuity equation you get Bernoulli’s Equation:

  13. Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation Bernoulli’s Equation is behind many common phenomena! Curve balls Aerodynamic Lift Sailing into the wind Transient Ischemic Attacks (“mini-strokes”) Light objects getting sucked out your car window Shower curtains bowing in Flat roofs flying off houses in Boulder! Ping pong ball demo

  14. Flat Roof Example Wind flows over a flat roof with area A = 240 m2 at a speed of voutside = 35 m/s (125 km/h = 80 mi/h). What net force does the wind apply to the roof? Inside Outside hh v = 35 m/s h

  15. Room Frequency BA Clicker Question For an airplane wing (an air-foil) the upward lift force is derivable from Bernoulli’s equation. How does the air speed over the wing compare to the air speed under the wing? It is…… Faster Slower Same Unknown F = lift=(Pbot-Ptop)(Wing Area) faster slower On the top side, the air has to travel farther to meet at the back edge of the wing!

  16. Oscillations! Throughout nature things are bound together by forces which allow things to oscillate back and forth. It is important to get a deeper understanding of these phenomena! We’ll focus on the most common and the most simple oscillation: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Requirements for SHM: There is a restoring force proportional to the displacement from equilibrium The range of the motion (amplitude) is independent of the frequency The position, velocity, and acceleration are all sinusoidal (harmonic) in time

  17. Mass and Spring

  18. A Simple Harmonic Oscillator: Spring and Mass! • Note: • restoring force is proportional to displacement • force is not constant, so acceleration isn’t either: a = -(k/m)x • “amplitude” A is the maximum displacement xmax, occurs with v = 0 • mass oscillates between x = A & x = -A • maximum speed vmax occurs when displacement x= 0 • a “cycle” is the full extent of motion as shown • the time to complete one cycle is the “period” T • frequency is the number of cycles per second: f= 1/T (units Hz)

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