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Enzymes

Enzymes. Biological Catalysts. Activation Energy. Why don’t thermodynamically favorable reactions occur without the aid of enzymes?. Activation Energy. How can the rate of a cellular reaction be increased?. Enzymes. Enzymes. What properties do all catalysts share?. Enzymes.

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes Biological Catalysts

  2. Activation Energy • Why don’t thermodynamically favorable reactions occur without the aid of enzymes?

  3. Activation Energy • How can the rate of a cellular reaction be increased?

  4. Enzymes

  5. Enzymes • What properties do all catalysts share?

  6. Enzymes • What is the active site and how is it related to the structure of the enzyme?

  7. Enzymes • What are prosthetic groups and how do they aid enzymes? • Why does a cell need thousands of different enzymes to function properly?

  8. Enzymes • How are enzymes affected by temperature? pH?

  9. Enzymes • How does the induced fit model of substrate binding compare with the older lock and key model?

  10. Enzymes • Once substrate molecules are bound how do enzymes bring about catalysis?

  11. Enzyme Kinetics • What are the factors that influence the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?

  12. Enzyme Kinetics • For a given amount of enzyme what is the relationship between reaction velocity and substrate concentration?

  13. Enzyme Kinetics • How can one explain the observations of Michaelis and Menten?

  14. Enzyme Kinetics • What are Vmax and Km and why are they important to cells? • What is the turnover number (Kcat)?

  15. Enzyme Kinetics • Of what use is the Lineweaver-Burk equation and plot?

  16. Enzyme Kinetics • What specifically distinguishes reversible enzyme inhibition from irreversible inhibition?

  17. Enzyme Kinetics • What distinguishes competitive inhibition from non-competitive inhibition?

  18. Enzyme Regulation • What is meant by substrate-level regulation? • How does feedback inhibition control enzyme activity?

  19. Enzyme Regulation

  20. Enzyme Regulation • How do allosteric enzymes differ from other kinds of enzymes? • What are allosteric effectors?

  21. Enzyme Regulation • How does allosteric regulation work?

  22. Enzyme Regulation • What is cooperativity? • How is covalent modification different from allosteric regulation?

  23. Enzyme Regulation

  24. Enzyme Regulation • Which enzymes are regulated by proteolytic cleavage?

  25. Ribozymes • What led to the idea that RNA could function as an enzyme? • How did this discovery alter our view of the origin of life?

  26. Ribozymes

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