Colonial Society

1. Colonial Society Although colonial society was divided before the American Revolution, there were common patterns of development. • The Amazing Race • Southern Colonies • Middle Colonies • New England Colonies

2. I. The Amazing Race • Native Americans • Vikings indirect discovery • Portuguese in Africa • Spanish Discoverers • Columbus, 1492 a. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 • Balboa, Magellan, Ponce de Leon, Coronado, Cabrillo • Spanish Explorers 1. Hernando de Soto, Cortes, Pizarro, Father Sierra • French sought trade • Dutch sought trade • English sought riches 1. Mercantilism

3. II. Southern Colonies A. Economy • Tobacco Plantation Economy • Jamestown lessons (60/400) • “Headright System” (75% VA & MD) • Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676 • Slavery, 1619 • Carolina-Caribbean Connection • Politics • Virginia Charter • House of Burgesses, 1619 • Society • Aristocratic class structure • Scattered population with few women • Failure to enslave Indians • Some religious toleration a. Act of Toleration (MD)

4. III. Middle Colonies • Economy • Dutch West India Company • English trade, 1685 • Politics • Quakers in PA • Represent. Govt. • Society • Patroonship • Leisler’s Rebellion, 1689-1691 • Mediocre Industry • Ethnically diverse • Religiously tolerant

5. IV. New England • Economy • Diverse Economy • Society • Protestant Reformation • Pilgrims • Plymouth Bay, 1621 • Mayflower Compact • John Robinson, William Bradford, Miles Standish • Puritans • MBC, 1629 • John Winthrop, John Cotton, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker • “Great Migration” • New Haven Fanatics • Politics • Puritan government • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 • Suffrage varied • New England Confederation • King Philip’s War • Dominion of New England

6. Marco Polo Francisco Pizarro Juan Ponce de Leon Hernando de Soto Montezuma Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes Francisco Coronado Robert de La Salle Jacques Cartier Giovanni da Verrazano John Cabot Vasco Nunez Balboa Isabella of Castile Quetzalcoatl Bartholomeu Dias Hiawatha Bartolome de Las Casas Ferdinand Magellan Vasco da Gama Mestizos Treaty of Tordesillas “three sister” farming Canadian Shield Mound Builders Spanish Armada Black legend Conquistadores Aztecs Pope’s Rebellion Pueblo Indians Iroquois Confederacy Vineland St. Augustine, Florida Kiva Spice Islands Moors Encomienda Vocabulary, Chapter 1

7. Pocahontas Powhatan John Rolfe Lord Baltimore Walter Raleigh James Oglethorpe Humphrey Gilbert Oliver Cromwell John Smith John Wesley Francis Drake George Percy William Penn Richard Hakluyt Henry VIII Elizabeth I Philip II James I Charles I Charles II Joint-stock company Enclosure House of Burgesses Royal charter Slave codes Yeoman and Proprietor Squatter Law of primogeniture Indentured servitude Sea dogs Surplus population 1st and 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War Maryland Act of toleration Barbados slave code Virginia Company Act of Toleration Savannah Indians Santa Fe Jamestown and Charles Town Powhatan’s Confederacy Vocabulary, Chapter 2

8. John Calvin Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams Henry Hudson William Bradford Peter Stuyvesant William Laud Thomas Hooker John Winthrop King Philip John Cotton Sir Edmund Andros Gustavus Adolphus William and Mary Massasoit Fernando Gorges Myles Standish Martin Luther Squanto The “elect” Franchise Predestination “visible saints” Covenant Salutary neglect Passive resistance “city upon a hill” Protestant Reformation Pilgrims New England Confederation Calvinism Massachusetts Bay Company Navigation Laws Great Migration Puritans Separatists Quakers Mayflower Compact Fundamental Orders Pequot War New Netherlands and Amsterdam New Sweden Vocabulary, Chapter 3

9. William Berkeley Nathaniel Bacon Yarrow Mamout Matthew Hopkins Headright system Jeremiads Middle passage Freedom dues “witch hunting” Yankee ingenuity Conversions Bacon’s Rebellion Leisler’s Rebellion Half-Way Covenant African American New England Primer Vocabulary, Chapter 4

10. Jonathan Edwards Benjamin Franklin Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur George Whitefield John Peter Zenger Phillis Wheatley John Singleton Copley John Trumbull Charles Wilson Peale Benjamin West Jacobus Arminius Andrew Hamilton Paxton Boys Great Awakening Anglicans Regulator Movement Triangular trade Molasses Act Scots-Irish Naval stores Praying towns Jayle birds Congregational Church Presbyterian Arminians Heresies Old Lights New Lights Vocabulary, Chapter 5

11. Short Answer Practice • Describe both the positive and negative benefits of the Columbian Exchange on the New and Old World. (Chapter 1) • Rank the items in the following list, starting with the one that you think had the most important consequences. Then justify your ranking. Finally, speculate as to what might have happened had these events not occurred. • The cultivation of tobacco in VA. • The introduction of slavery into the plantation colonies. • The “enclosing” of croplands in England. (Chapter 2) • Make a list of the motives of English people who migrated to America in the seventeenth century. Rank the items in the list from most important to least important. Then justify your ranking. (Chapter 3) • Compare and contrast the status of women in the South with that of New England. (Chapter 4) • Write your definition of democracy. Then use this definition to argue that colonial politics had or had not become democratic by 1760. (Chapter 5)