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COLONIAL SOCIETY ON EVE OF REVOLUTION. Ch. 5. DEMOGRAPHICS. Population 1700 300,000 20,000 black 1775 2.5 million 500,000 black Average age was 16 years. DEMOGRAPHICS. Immigration Between 1700 & 1775=400,000 German Pennsylvania “Dutch” Scots-Irish “Frontier” “Paxton Boys”.
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DEMOGRAPHICS • Population • 1700 • 300,000 • 20,000 black • 1775 • 2.5 million • 500,000 black • Average age was 16 years
DEMOGRAPHICS • Immigration • Between 1700 & 1775=400,000 • German • Pennsylvania “Dutch” • Scots-Irish • “Frontier” • “Paxton Boys”
PAXTON BOY’S • Village of Paxton in Western Pennsylvania • Mostly Scots-Irish immigrants • Harassed by Natives • Requests for soldiers or guns ignored by Quaker legislators • December 1763-group raided small settlement of peaceful Indians • Governor issued warrants, but frontiersmen refused to turn in the perpetrators
PAXTON BOYS • Tried to raid a second Indian settlement, but escaped to Philadelphia and were protected • Upset that the government would spend tax money to protect Indians but not frontier • January 1764-group of approx. 1,500 began march to Philadelphia (capital) • Public panic • Ben Franklin intercedes and provides meeting between Paxton Boys and legislators • No significant outcome
PAXTON BOYS • Results • Earliest example of regional and Social conflicts • Urban v. Rural • New Indian “problem” belief • Can no longer live in peace • Only solutions are relocation and extermination
LITERACY • Before Enlightenment-books to expensive & took to much time read • Invention of hand operated printing presses • Best for pamphlets and newspapers • 1735-John Peter Zenger Trial • Freedom of the Press
GOVERNMENT • By 1775 • 8 royal colonies-governor appointed by king • 3 proprietary colonies-governor appointed by owner • 2 self-governed colonies-elected governor • Every colony-two house legislature with an upper house (appointed by crown or proprietor) & a lower house (elected by people • Began more religious or property requirements for voting
ENLIGHTENMENT • Use science and reason to explain things rather than religion • Began in Europe • Scientists-Sir Isaac Newton • Philosophers-John Locke • Natural rights and Social Contract • Benjamin Franklin-epitome of American Enlightenment
GREAT AWAKENING • Beginning of 1700s-religion less important • 1730s & 1740s-Religious revival called Great Awakening • Preachers-Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield • Belief in God’s grace and forgiveness • Revival Meetings • Professed conversions • Emotional outbursts • Immediate baptisms
GREAT AWAKENING • Emphasis on direct spirituality • Created many new churches to compete with Anglican & Congregational (Puritan) Church • Missionary work • Founding of several colleges; Dartmouth, Brown, Rutgers, Princeton • First mass movement among the colonies • Effected every section of the colonies