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GAS LAWS

Learn about the fundamental concepts of gas laws, including heat, temperature, pressure, and volume. Discover the relationships between these properties and explore examples and problems.

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GAS LAWS

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  1. GAS LAWS

  2. DEFINITIONS • Heat • Energy transferred due to differences in temperature • Temperature • Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles composing a material • Pressure • Force per unit area • Volume • The amount of space a material occupies

  3. Gases • Gases- uniformly fill any container, easily compressed, and mixes completely with any other gas

  4. Pressure • Important property of gas is that it exerts pressure on its surroundings • Common pressure we deal with is air pressure

  5. Barometer • Device to measure air pressure (invented by Torricelli) • Fill glass tube with liquid mercury and invert in dish

  6. Hg flows out of the tube until the pressure of the column = air pressure • Ave height of Hg column at sea level is 760mm.

  7. Open and Closed Manometers An instrument used to measure pressure…

  8. PRESSURE vs TEMPGay-Lussac’s Law • Temp and pressure are directly related • Absolute zero-the temperature at which the pressure of a gas becomes zero when a plot of pressure versus temperature for a gas is extrapolated

  9. VOLUME vs TEMPERATURECharles Law • Temp and volume are directly related • Absolute zero - the temperature at which the volume of a gas becomes zero when the a plot of the volume versus temperature for a gas are extrapolated. • -273oC = 0 K • K = C + 273

  10. PRESSURE vs VOLUMEBoyles Law • Pressure and volume are indirectly related • Pressure and 1/volume are directly related

  11. AVOGADRO’S LAW • Volumes of gases at the same temp contain the same number of particles • For a gas at constant temp and pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles

  12. Unit conversions • Temperature K = C + 273 • Volume 1000ml = 1 L = 1 dm3 = 1000cm3 • Pressure 1 atm = 101.3kPa=760mmHg=760 torr • Standard Temp and Pressure (STP) • 273K and 1 atm

  13. GAS LAW PROBLEMS Gay-Lussac’s Consider a metal container with a volume of 22.4 L filled with a gas at 1.00 atm at 273 K. What will be the new pressure if the temperature increases to 298 K?

  14. GAS LAW PROBLEMS Charles’Law Calculate the decrease in temperature when 2.00 L at 20.0 °C is compressed to 1.00 L.

  15. GAS LAW PROBLEMS Boyles’ Law A balloon initially occupies 12.4 L at 1.00 atm. What will be the volume at 0.800 atm?

  16. At STP, the volume of a gas is 350.0 cm3. What volume does it occupy at 25.0oC and 740 mmHg?

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