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Introduction to Embedded Systems: Architecture, Design, and Trends

This lecture introduces the concept of embedded systems, their applications, key issues for users and developers, and trends in architecture and design. It discusses microcontrollers, system-on-chips, hardware/software co-design, and the requirements and design considerations for embedded systems.

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Introduction to Embedded Systems: Architecture, Design, and Trends

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  1. Lecture 13Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University

  2. Computing Systems • Desktop • PC, Workstations, Laptops • Servers • Tier-0: network appliance • Tier-1: webserver • Tier-2: application/database server • File servers, Storage-area-network • Embedded Systems • PDA • Cellphone • Routers • Microcontrollers

  3. Embedded? • Computing system embedded within electronic devices. • Combination of computer hardware and software designed to performance a specific function. • Any computing system that is not a desktop computer nor a server.

  4. Area of Applications • General purpose • PDA • Control systems • Electronics, Automotive • Signal processing • Media player, Camera • Communication • Cellphone, switch

  5. Market • Average household uses ~225 embedded processors; about 35 for automobile • Estimated 5 billion embedded processors in use • 94% share of world market • 6%: Pentium, PowerPC, etc. [Source: World Semiconductor Trade Statistics Bluebook]

  6. Key IssuesUser’s Point of View • Single function/application • Dedicated to specific type of tasks • Tight constraints • Size • Power • Cost • Time-to-market • Real-time • Respond to environment in real time • Safety/Reliability • Failure can result in critical damages

  7. Key IssuesDeveloper’s Point of View • Concurrent development of HW and SW, i.e. HW/SW codesign • Wide selection of uP’s. • Wide selection of OS, mostly real time (RTOS) • Few system resources • Specialized development tools • Debugging skills important • Robust HW/SW

  8. Example

  9. Elements

  10. Trends • High level of integration • System-on-chip (SoC) • Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) • HW/SW co-design • Concurrent development • Optimization • Design flow • Design tools • Experiences

  11. Microcontroller • Usually a simple uP plus peripheral support devices integrated in a single package

  12. SoC • A uP plus peripheral support devices integrated in a single chip • E.g. Intel StrongARM • SoC vs uController?

  13. SoC Design • Intellectual Property (IP) • Circuits or cores pre-deisgned/pre-verified for certain functions • Implications: • Lower design cost • Fast time-to-market

  14. Requirements • Functional • Functions • I/O • Non-functional • Performance • Cost • Power consumption • Size/weight

  15. Architecture • How to implement the specifications • Components • System structure • Hardware/software partitioning • HW/SW work together to solve a problem • Partitioning decided by • Performance • Flexibility • Cost

  16. Architecture Design

  17. Designing An Embedded System • Understand the big picture • Understand the details • Design SW with • Real time constraints • Low power • Small code size • Domain-specific knowledge

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