United States History

1. United States History Standard 7 Review

2. Standard USHC-7: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the impact of World War II on the United States and the nation’s subsequent role in the world. Standard 7

3. Analyze the decision of the United States to enter World War II, including the nation’s movement from a policy of isolationism to international involvement and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Standard 7.1

4. Totalitarian regimes took control in German and Italy during the 1930’s due to the results of World War I, the impact of the Treaty of Treaty of Versailles, and the world wide Depression. These events lead to the development of Facism, which was a radical authoritarian nationalist ideology that was adopted by Mussolini in Italy. Standard 7.1

5. American Neutrality (1933-1941) European Response U.S. Response Hitler Militarizes Germany and Expands Germany’s Borders Neutrality Acts “Isolationist policies” driven by the fear of war and the memories of WWI Appeasement “Giving in to avoid war”

6. American Neutrality (1933-1941) Roosevelt (FDR) Cash and Carry and Lend Lease as ways to circumvent the U.S. Neutrality Acts of the 1930’s. Roosevelt’s commitment to halting German and Japanese aggression is evident by his signing of the Atlantic Charter.

7. American Neutrality (1933-1941) The U.S officially entered WWII when the Japanese navy launched its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941.

8. WWII Alliances THE ALLIES THE AXIS Germany Leader: Adolf Hitler Italy Leader: Benito Mussolini Japan Leader: Hideki Tojo United States Leader: F.D Roosevelt Great Britain Leader: Winston Churchill Soviet Union Leader: Joseph Stalin France Leader: Charles De Gaulle

9. Evaluate the impact of war mobilization on the home front, including consumer sacrifices, the role of women and minorities in the workforce, and limits on individual rights that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans. Standard 7.2

10. War bonds -------- government raised money with people making “safe” investments The Home Front

11. Rationing -------- limiting consumption to conserve for the war effort The Home Front

12. Victory Gardens -------- Planting your own gardens to conserve food Also made people feel involved The Home Front

13. Women -------- Took jobs on the assembly lines (Rosie the Riveter) and in the military The Home Front

14. African Americans -------- Still faced discrimination in the workplace and armed forces The Home Front

15. Japanese Americans -------- Discrimination shown by Japanese Internment Camps The Home Front

16. Explain how controversies among the Big Three Allied leaders over war strategies led to post-war conflict between the United States and the USSR, including delays in the opening of the second front in Europe, the participation of the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific, and the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Standard 7.3

17. Conflicts developed as Roosevelt and Churchill developed war goals that differed from Stalin. These conflicts lead to postwar tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union • The conflict originated over the delay in opening a second front in Europe. The Allies opened a second front in June of 1944 when they launched the D-Day invasion (invasion of France). Aftermath of WWII

18. Aftermath of WWII • These conflicts lead to the development of the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviet Union. ( See Standard 7.5) • Seeking to end the war the United States decided that a mainland invasion of Japan would cost too many American lives • August, 1945 – After demanding an unconditional surrender from Japan and making it clear that continued resistance would bring about massive destruction, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

19. Summarize the economic, humanitarian, and diplomatic effects of World War II, including the end of the Great Depression, the Holocaust, the war crimes trials, and the creation of Israel. Standard 7.4

20. In the 1930s, the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party became the ruling party in Germany. The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, were anti-Semitic and passed several laws limiting the rights of Jews. On Kristallnacht, meaning “The Night of Broken Glass,” the Nazi regime orchestrated mob violence against Jewish businesses and synagogues (places of worship). The Holocaust

21. The elimination of the Jews (Holocaust), otherwise known as the “Final Solution,” was the German plan to eliminate the Jews. • After the war 24 Nazi war criminals were prosecuted at the Nuremburg Trials. • The nation of Israel was created due to the Holocaust and supported by The United Nations. The Holocaust

22. Analyze the impact of the Cold War on national security and individual freedom, including the containment policy and the role of military alliances, the effects of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism, the conflicts in Korea and the Middle East, the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall, the Cuban missile crisis, and the nuclear arms race. Standard 7.5

23. The Cold War is a period of tension between the free world and communist world. The U.S attempted to CONTAIN the spread of communism by developing the Marshal Plan, The Berlin Airlift, The Truman Doctrine, and forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Cold War Foreign Policy

24. Cold War Foreign Policy Cold war tension impacted the homefront during the 1950’s when Senator Joseph McCarthy launched a witch hunt to rid the U.S. of suspected communist during the Red Scare

25. GERMANY East West Winston Churchill coined the phrase Iron Curtain to describe the political division of mainland Europe. United States Responded by Berlin Airlift Supported by: Soviet Union Tried to blockade Berlin Built the Berlin Wall

26. Eisenhower Doctrine gave money/support to any nation in Middle East that resisted Communism. MIDDLE EAST

27. KOREA North South United States (United Nations) General Douglas MacArthur Supported by: China/Soviet Union Attacked First China jumped in on the north side

28. New Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro who was supported by the Soviet Union • USA planned the Bay of Pigs invasion under President Kennedy. • USSR was caught by spy plane photographs putting nuclear bombs in Cuba. • USA blockaded Cuba which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis CUBA

29. Analyze the causes and consequences of social and cultural changesin postwar America, including educational programs, the consumer culture and expanding suburbanization, the advances in medical and agricultural technology that led to changes in the standard of living and demographic patterns, and the roles of women in American society. Standard 7.6

30. G.I. Bill passed to help servicemen adjust to post war world Social and Political Changes in post War America

31. Baby Boom explosion of birthrate after WWII Social and Political Changes in post War America

32. People moved out of the cities to the suburbas. This was accelerated by Eisenhower’s National Defense Act which constructed the Interstate Highway system. Social and Political Changes in post War America

33. Demand for goods caused an increase in production that helped recreate a consumer society where people purchased goods to satisfy their “wants”. • The Women’s Rights movement was aided by the publication of Feminine Mystiqueby Betty Freidan. Social and Political Changes in post War America

34. Producing technology created more jobs, and caused the American standard of living to increase. • The postwar period also saw improvements in medicine which enabled Americans to be vaccinated against diseases and caused the mortality rate to decrease. Social and Political Changes in post War America

35. The prosperity of the postwar period also caused improvements in agricultural technology with the development of pesticides and chemical fertilizers which increased food production. Social and Political Changes in post War America