Surface Preparation for Painting: Tools, Supplies, and Techniques

1. Lesson 13 Preparing Surfaces and Selecting Paints/Preservatives

2. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed! • CCSS. ELA Literacy. RST.9‐10.7Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. • CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.11‐Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible12.9

3. Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource Standards Addressed! • PST.04.03. Follow architectural and mechanical plans to construct, maintain and/or repair AFNR structures (e.g., material selection, site preparation and/or layout, plumbing, concrete/ masonry, etc.). • PST.04.03. Follow architectural and mechanical plans to construct, maintain and/or repair AFNR structures (e.g., material selection, site preparation and/or layout, plumbing, concrete / masonry, etc.).

4. Bell Work! Student Learning Objectives • Explain how to plan the work and assemble the tools and supplies for painting. • Explain how to prepare surfaces for painting. • Explain how to select paint and preservatives.

5. Alkyd-oil paint Feathering Flat finish Gloss finish Latex paint Long-oil alkyd paint Medium-oil alkyd paint Mildew Oil base paint Semi-gloss finish Short-oil alkyd paint Stain blocker paint TSP (trisodium phosphate) Terms

6. Interest Approach • What materials in the classroom are painted or stained? • Why is this done? • How do you prepare surfaces for painting or preservatives?

7. Preparation Prior to painting • Before you brush, roll, or spray a drop of paint, there are certain preparations you should make to ensure a good job with a minimum of effort, errors, and splattering. • Start by gathering together all the tools and equipment you will need.

8. Preparation prior to painting • Paint scraper, wire brush, sandpaper, emery cloth, putty knife, hammer, caulking gun with caulk, spackling compound or drywall paste, and paint remover are some things you might need to prepare the surface for painting.

9. Preparation prior to painting • Assemble drop cloths, old newspapers, and masking tape to protect areas you do not want painted.

10. TOOLS Paint scraper Wire brush Putty knife Plane Sander Caulking gun Hammer SUPPLIES Sandpaper Emery cloth Steel wool Wood filler Caulking Glazing putty Nails Spackling compound Drywall paste Paint drop cloths Paint remover Surface Preparations Tools and Supplies

11. Preparing Surfaces • The finest paint, applied with the greatest skill, will not produce a satisfactory finish unless the surface has been properly prepared.

12. Preparing Surfaces • The goal is to provide a surface to which the paint can make a strong, permanent bond. • The surface must be clean, smooth, and free of loose particles such as dust and old paint.

13. Preparing Surfaces • Very little has to be done to new lumber or metal • Previously painted wood/metal needs to be cleaned and/or flaked wood/rust needs to be removed • Fill all cracks, joints, crevices, and nail holes with wood putty, plastic wood, or caulking. Body putty may be needed on metal.

14. Preparing Surfaces • Any stains should be removed. • Mildew is a black fungus-based stain that occurs in moist conditions. • Wash the area with household bleach or TSP diluted in warm water. • Vinegar is an economical metal cleaner

15. Preparing Surfaces • TSP (trisodium phosphate) is a heavy duty cleanser and is recommended that you wear rubber gloves and goggles when using TSP. • Stain blocker paint covers stained areas to prevent the stain from showing through the finish coat of paint.

16. Preparing Surfaces • When preparing to paint concrete, allow a minimum of 30 days for aging and drying to occur. • Acid washing of concrete will etch the surface for better adherence.

17. Preparing Surfaces • When preparing metal for painting, use solvent to remove any oil film. • Emery cloth, wire brushing, coarse sandpaper, or sandblasting can be used to remove rust.

18. Stages of Paint Deterioration • Dirty paint… wash with detergent and water • Chalked or powdered paint… wash with water and a stiff bristle brush • Checked and cracked paint… scrap or sand to a clean smooth surface • Crumbling and flaking paint… scrap and sand to a clean smooth surface

19. Stages of Paint Deterioration • Curling, blistering, and peeling paint … scrap to remove loose paint • … feather paint edges with sandpaper • … prime bare spots before applying finish coat • Stained paint … wash with a bleach or TSP warm water solution • … prime stained areas with stain blocker paint such as Kilz or Bin

20. Selecting Paint and Preservatives • Oil base paint is a solvent-based paint (used mainly as an exterior finish) that is cleaned up with turpentine, paint thinner, or a commercial brush cleaner. • Generally referred to as enamel paint.

21. Selecting paint and preservatives • Alkyd-oil paint is a combination of oil and alkyd resin resulting in a faster drying, harder, more durable paint surface. • Alkyd-oil paints may be short, medium,or long oil paints.

22. Selecting paint and preservatives • Short-oil alkyd paints, commonly used as appliance & automotive enamels, dry the most rapidly & form the hardest film. • Often coated with a hardener/gloss coat.

23. Selecting paint and preservatives • Medium-oil alkyd paints are the paint sold as porch and floor enamel.

24. Selecting paint and preservatives • Long-oil alkyd paints are the high quality interior paints and exterior trim enamels that have great elasticity and exterior durability

25. Selecting paint and preservatives • Latex paints are water-based paints that are used as either an exterior or interior paint. • They are easy to apply, quick drying, have good color retention, are water thinned, and offer convenient clean up with soap & water.

26. Degrees of gloss and washability desired • Flat finish, sometimes called an eggshell finish, can be washed occasionally and dries with little gloss.

27. Degrees of gloss and washability desired • Semi-gloss finish produces a moderate gloss that withstands wear and washes well. • It is often used for walls and ceilings in kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry rooms.

28. Degrees of gloss and washability desired • Gloss finish is a high priced paint that is durable and washes well, but brings out all defects in the surface. • Gloss finish paints can provide an excellent coating if you are willing to spend extra time preparing a smooth, well-primed surface.

29. Review/Summary • What are some ways to prepare surfaces? • What are some stages of paint deterioration? • What are different types of paint that can be selected?

30. The End!