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Exploring the Religions of Our World. Chapter 2 Judaism. Chapter 2 Judaism. A Living Religion 1. Judaism is the religion practiced by Jesus when he was living on earth. 2. Judaism is the religion of the Hebrew Bible and a religion still longing for God’s chosen one.
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Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 2 Judaism
Chapter 2 Judaism A Living Religion 1. Judaism is the religion practiced by Jesus when he was living on earth. 2. Judaism is the religion of the Hebrew Bible and a religion still longing for God’s chosen one. 3. Being a Jew has both an ethnic and a religious connotation. 4. A religious Jew practices Judaism. An ethnic Jew may or may not practice Judaism.
Chapter 2 Judaism Periods of Jewish History Biblical Period 1800 BCE – 323 CE Medieval Period 639 - 1783 CE Rabbinic Period 323 BCE – 637 CE Modern Period 1783 - present
Chapter 2 Judaism Periods of Jewish History • Page 29
Chapter 2 Judaism Modern Judaism Reform Judaism – advocates full integration into the culture where one lives Conservative Judaism – counteracts reformed Judaism, modifying Jewish traditions in a limited manner Orthodox Judaism – the most traditional wing, insists its members strictly follow the Torah Reconstructionist Judaism – advocates Judaism as a culture, not only a religion
Study Questions p. 43 What did the Hebrews become in the 40 years it took to return to Canaan from Egypt? • The Hebrews became a convenantal community, owing their allegiance to God.
Study Questions p. 43 After the death of Solomon, why did the kingdom become more vulnerable to outside attacks? • The kingdom was divided into two after Solomon's death; North 10 tribes, the South two tribes • Both kingdoms weakened and fell prey to idolatry. • Israel fell to Assyrians in 722BCE; Judah conquered Babylon two centuries later
Study Questions p. 43 What is the diaspora? • The diaspora originally referred to the large community of Jews who lived outside of Palestine. • Driven out by foreign conquerors, the Jews were dispersed and set up Jewish communities throughout the world. • Today, it refers to all Jews outside of Israel.
Study Questions p. 43 According to Rabbi Hillel, what is the summation of the Torah? • “Whatever is hateful to you, you are not to do to your neighbor.”
Study Questions p. 43 Who is Moses Maimonides, and what did he argue for? • He was a medieval Jewish philosopher who argued that there was no contradiction between Aristotle and the Jewish religion.
Study Questions p. 43 Define Hadism • A spiritual movement founded by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer in the 18th century. • In an era of darkness and persecution, he stressed the presence of God – light – in all aspects of Jewish life. • It was a comforting teaching that helped Jews endure trials.
Study Questions p. 43 Name the four types of Judaism in the Modern era. • Orthodox – literal interpretation of the Torah • Conservative – Modify Jewish traditions in a limited manner • Reformed – advocate full integration into the culture where one lives • Reconstructionist – Advocate Judaism as a culture rather than a religion
Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred writings Tanakh The Hebrew Bible Torah First five books Nevi’im Prophets Ketuvim Writings
Chapter 2 Judaism Other sacred writings Jerusalem Talmud commentary Midrash Biblical interpretation Babylonian Talmud commentary
Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices Sh’ma “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One” (Deuteronomy 6:4)
Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices (continued) Torah 613 commandments God gave Moses Two Torahs: • Oral • Written Judaism can be summed up in three words: • God Torah, Israel
Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices (continued) God’s covenant with Israel: “The Chosen People” “I have given you as a covenant to the people, a light to the nations” (Isaiah 42:6)
Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Times Annual Feasts: Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year, feast of Trumpets Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement (10 days after Rosh Hashanah ) Pesach – Passover (God’s saving Hebrews) Sukkot – Feast of Tabernacles/Booths (Desert times) Shavuot – Harvest festival / Moses’ reception of Torah Hanukkah – Festival of Lights (menorah) Purim – Feast of Lots
Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Times (continued) Shabbat – the Jewish Sabbath • Weekly event • Begins Sunset Friday through sunset Saturday • Obedience to fourth commandment • Jews rest on the seventh day, as God did • Shabbat dinner – Friday evening • Celebrated as a family with Ritual Prayers, candles, wine, bread
Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces Temple is associated with ritual sacrifices Temple was destroyed in 70 CE Synagogue House of prayer House of study House of assembly Home
Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces (continued) At Passover, Jews pray, “Next year in Jerusalem” Land of Israel (AKA:) • Israel • Canaan • Promised Land • Judea • Palestine • State of Israel Jerusalem (AKA:) • Holiest city • City of David • Temple • Holy city for: Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens Judaism Christianity Commonalities History Scripture Liturgy Rituals Theology
Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued) Differences Judaism Christianity Still awaits a Messiah or messianic age to come Messiah would be a human (not God) warrior-king, political figure from the House of David Jesus was the Messiah Jesus is God Jesus will return at the 2nd coming
Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued) Jewish influences in Catholicism JewishChristian The Hebrew Bible Old Testament Passover meal the Lord’s Supper Passover Holy Thursday Shavuot Pentecost
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary • Pogroms • Yiddish • Hasidism • Zionism • Tanak • Mishnah • Midrash • Sh’ma • Conversos • Holy of Holies • Mitzvoth • Covenant • Shabbat • Pesach • Yom Kippur • Rosh Hashanah • Mezuzah • Kosher • Arranged marriage • Torah • Idolatry • Diaspora • Hellenization • Septuagint • Sadducees • Pharisees • Essenes • Rabbi • Talmud • Monotheistic
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary Torah – 1st five books of the Bible, Pentateuch, Idolatry – giving worship to something other than God Diaspora – Jews living outside Judea (Holy Land) Hellenization – The adoption of Greek ways and speech Septuagint – “70” translators of Jewish scriptures to Greek Sadducees – Jewish leaders who strictly interpreted Torah Pharisees – Loose interpretation of Torah (resurrection) Essenes – Monastic Jews responsible for Dead Sea scrolls Rabbi – My Teacher religious leader who teaches and judges Talmud – Books of commentaries on the interpretation of Torah Monotheistic – A belief on one God Shoah – Hebrew for “calamity”, refers to holocaust in WWII
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary Pogrom – the massacre and expulsion of a minority Yiddish – a language developed from German and Hebrew Hasidism – Meaning pious, founded by devout Polish Jews, called Orthodox Jews today Zionism – the movement which sought the creation of a Jewish home state (now Israel) Tanakh -The Hebrew word for the Jewish bible Mitzvot – A commandment of the Jewish law Mishnah – the oral Torah or teaching Midrash – Biblical interpretation typically found in the Talmud's, which can provide answers for every situation in life Sh’ma – “Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One” Dt 6:4
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary Covenant – a binding, solemn agreement or sacred promise between God and His people Shabbat – The Sabbath, begins at sunset on Friday Pesach – Passover, an annual meal celebrating the Exodus Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the year Mezuzah – the parchment of Sh’ma in the right doorpost Kosher – Hebrew for proper, refers to permitted dietary laws Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year Holy of Holies – The sanctuary inside the tabernacle in the Temple of Jerusalem Conversos – the Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity at the time of the Spanish Inquisition