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Religions of the World. By Walter E. Fion. Hinduism. Hinduism. Hinduism has no founder but there were leaders who reformed and received the culture and traditions. There is not an exact year Hinduism started on but Hinduism is an ancient religion. It is called the “oldest living religion.
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Religions of the World By Walter E. Fion
Hinduism • Hinduism has no founder but there were leaders who reformed and received the culture and traditions. • There is not an exact year Hinduism started on but Hinduism is an ancient religion. It is called the “oldest living religion. • Hinduism originated in India. Today it is widely practiced also in Nepal, Bangladesh and Bali.
Hinduism • Hinduism doest have just one holy book. The Hindu follow the scriptures. • The texts are classified into two classes: Shruti and Smritis.
Hinduism • Shruti means that which is heard. • Refers to the Vedas, which form the earliest record of the Hindu scripture. • The Vedas have four parts- Rigveda, Samhita, Aranyaka & upanishat. • Sample of Rigveda religious texts.
Hinduism • Smritis means memory. • The most notable of the smritis are the epics, which consist of the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa. • Other texts include Devī Mahātmya, the Tantras, the Yoga Sutras, Tirumantiram, Shiva Sutras and the Hindu Āgamas.
Hinduism • Hinduism’s major beliefs are : • Dharma (ethics/duties), • Samsāra (The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth) • Karma (action and subsequent reaction) • Moksha (liberation from samsara), • Yogas (paths or practices)
Hinduism • Positive impacts of Hinduism are the fact that as the oldest religion, it was the starting place for many other religions practiced today. (i.e.Christianity, Buddhism) • Negative impacts of Hinduism is the fact that it separates people into “classes”. Whatever class you are born into, you remain forever and it effects how you are treated by others.
Buddhism • Buddhism was founded by Siddhārtha Gautama also known as Buddha Shakyamuni, sometime between 6th and 4th centuries BC.
Buddhism • Buddhism originated from the country India. It has some similarities to Hinduism. • Both believe in reincarnation. • Both believe there are many different paths to enlightenment.
Buddhism • The Buddhist holy book is called TheTipitaka which was written in an ancient Indian language. • The ancient Indian language was very close to the language that the Buddha spoke. • The book is very large and the English translation of it takes up forty volumes.
Buddhism • The major belief of Buddhism is what is called the Four Noble Truths. They are: • The nature of suffering: Birth, aging, illness and death are suffering. • The origin of suffering: craving for things we think will bring us pleasure. • The cessation of suffering: freedom from attachment to things we think will bring us pleasure and hatred towards what we think won’t bring us pleasure. • The way leading to the cessation of suffering: The eightfold path includes right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livlihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.
Buddhism • Positive impact of Buddhism is that it teaches respect for all life and all living things. It teaches that doing the right thing in life, brings peace and enlightenment. • A negative impact of Buddhism is the misunderstanding that Buddhism believes that life is suffering.
Islam • Islam was founded by Mohammed Abdullah in 622 AD. • Islam’s country of origin is Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Islam • The Islamic holy books are the records which most Muslims believe were dictated by God to various Islamic prophets. They are: • The Taw rat (Torah), • The Zabur (commonly the Psalms) • The Injil (the original Gospel of Jesus) • The Qur'an.
Islam • Islam’s major beliefs are: • There is only one God to be worshipped, Allah. • Allah is the Creator of all that exists and that His will is supreme. • Allah sent different messengers and prophets throughout the history of mankind in order to guide them. • Muslims believe that there are unseen immortal creatures such as angels created by Allah in the universe for special tasks. • Believe that people are born free of sin.
Islam • Positive impacts of Islam are that it promotes a strong and united community following in the Five Pillars of Islam. (fasting, praying, charity, belief in one God and Hajj/pilgrimage) • Negative impact of Islam is its belief that women do not have many rights and are inferior to men.
Confucianism • Confucianism was founded by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BC. • Confucianism’s country of origin is China.
Confucianism • There are 9 holy books that Confucianism has: The Confucian classics which are 5 books and The Four Books which there are 4 books.
Confucianism • The Confucian Classics • The Book of Changes, or Yi Jing • The Book of History, or Shu Jing • The Book of Odes, or Shi Jing • The Book of Rites, or Li Jing • Annals of Spring and Autumn, or Qunqiu • The Four Books • Analects of Confucius1, or Lunyu • Book of Mencius, or Mengzi • Great Learning, or Daxue • Doctrine of the Mean, or Zhongyong
Confucianism • Confucianism is mainly concerned with moral values, which form the basis of its religion. These values are shown in absolute obedience to parents, elder brothers and rulers. These moral values also include sincerity to friends, refusal to cause any harm to others even in words,. • Confucianism does not believe in life after death, heaven or hell, nor do the followers believe in resurrection. .
Confucianism • Positive impacts of Confucianism are it’s high regard for living by a moral code. • Negative impact of Confusciansim was its belief that the younger generations were not respected and women and children were to be obedient to the elder men.
Animism/Shintoism • Shinto does not have a founder nor does it have sacred scriptures or a Holy Book. • Shintoism originated in Japan.
Animism/Shintoism • Shinto is an optimistic faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits. • Shinto gods" are called kami. They are sacred spirits which take the form of things important to life, such as wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers and fertility. • Humans become kami after they die.
Animism/Shintoism • Positive impacts of Animism/Shintoism is its belief of being one with nature and its high regard for nature. • There are no negative impacts associated with Shintoism. A lot of it’s traditions can be seen in Buddhism and Japanese culture today.
