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First Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture Lusaka, ZAMBIA 18-21 March 2014

First Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture Lusaka, ZAMBIA 18-21 March 2014. Zeyaur Khan 1 , John Pickett 2 , Charles Midega 1 and Jimmy Pittchar 1 1 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya 2 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom

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First Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture Lusaka, ZAMBIA 18-21 March 2014

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  1. First Africa Congress on Conservation Agriculture Lusaka, ZAMBIA 18-21 March 2014 Zeyaur Khan1, John Pickett2, Charles Midega1 and Jimmy Pittchar1 1International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya 2Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom www.push-pull.net Climate-smart push-pull: A conservation agriculture technology for food security and environmental sustainability in Africa

  2. HUNGER AND POVERTY IN AFRICA • Africa faces increasingly serious problems in its ability to feed its rapidly growing population, resulting in high hunger and poverty incidences. • Africa’s productivity is the lowest in the world (around 1t/ha compared with 2.4t/ha in South Asia, 3.2t/ha in Latin America and 4.5t/ha in East Asia and Pacific) • The major production constraints are pests, weeds and degraded soils. • Ecologically sustainable growth in agricultural productivity is essential to end hunger and poverty and ensure food security, by naturally reducing incidence of the major constraints to productivity

  3. Chilo partellus Busseola fusca Maize worth US$ 1.5b is lost annually due to stemborers in SSA

  4. 24% of the total maize cropping area in SSA is infested with Striga. Value of maize lost due to Striga is at least US$ 1.2 b

  5. What is ‘Push-Pull’ Strategy? The ‘Push-Pull’ strategy is a novel approach in pest management which uses a repellent intercrop and an attractive trap plant. Insect pests are repelled from the food crop and are simultaneously attracted to a trap crop. Cook, Khan and Pickett (2007) Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52 : 375-400

  6. Push-Pull Strategy

  7. 1= (E)-ß-ocimene; 2= α-terpinolene; 3= β-caryophyllene; 4= humulene; 5= (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene; 6= α-cedrene; 7= hexanal; 8= (E)-2-hexenal; 9= (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol; 10= (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate ; 11= 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)isoflavanone (uncinanone A); 12= 4′′,5′′-dihydro-5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-5′′-isopropenylfurano-(2′′,3′′;7,6)-isoflavanone (uncinanone B); 13= 4′′,5′′-dihydro-2′- methoxy-5,4′-dihydroxy-5′′-isopropenylfurano-(2′′,3′′;7,6)-isoflavanone (uncinanone C), 14= di-C-glycosylflavone 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-Dglucopyranosylapigenin

  8. NITROGEN FIXATION WITH VARIOUS INTERCROPS AFTER THREE YEARS a b b b b Khan et al. 2006. Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems, CRC Press

  9. On-Farm Validation of ‘Push-Pull’Technology (n=420) Khan et al. 2008. Field Crops Research 106: 224-233

  10. Integration with livestock Integrating push-pull with livestock production

  11. Adaptation of Push-Pull to Climate Change With funding by European Union, we have adapted the push-pull technology to the increasingly dry and hot conditions associated with climate change in Africa to ensure its long term sustainability.

  12. SELECTION OF NEW DROUGHT TOLERANT COMPANION PLANTS Brachiaria cv mulato Desmodium intortum Vetiver grass Screening for drought tolerant companion plants for use in adapted push-pull for drier areas of Africa

  13. Research into New drought tolerant African Desmodium spp. D. incanum D. repandum D. ramosissimum

  14. CLIMATE-SMART PUSH-PULL

  15. A healthy sorghum crop under climate-adapted push-pull. D. intortum suppresses striga and stemborers by up to 100% and 70% respectively in sorghum, resulting in significant yield increases, from less than 1t/ha to about 3.2t/ha.

  16. CLIMATE-SMART PUSH-PULL

  17. Increased yield as striga and stemborer controlled in sorghum and millet First season on-farm results of maize and sorghum yields from push-pull plots planted with the drought tolerant companion plants: Brachiaria c.v.Mulato II as the trap plant and Greenleaf desmodium as the intercrop plant.

  18. Farmers’ Perceptions of ADOPT

  19. Push-pull Technology Adoption About 18,000 of the adopters planted climate-adapted push-pull by December 2013

  20. Climate-smart push-pull addresses multiple constraints

  21. Developing long term sustainability and system resilience • We make the best use of locally adapted crop varieties and livestock breeds through their management; • We harness agro-ecological processes such as biological nitrogen fixation, allelopathy, predation and parasitism; • We avoid the unnecessary use of external inputs; • We minimise the use of practices that have adverse impacts on the environment and human health; • We make productive use of human capital - knowledge and capacity to adapt and innovate as well as social capital to resolve common landscape-scale problems.

  22. A green revolution in Africa will come from adoption of simple, environmentally sustainable and low cost platform technologies like push-pull, which are developed by understanding and exploiting basic and applied sciences. These technologies will address food security and livelihood of smallholders without requiring extra resources for crop protection and soil improvement and without causing any ecological and social harm. Sustainable Green Revolution in Africa ?

  23. THANK YOU Conservation methods for better livelihoods, better future…

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