What You Must Know? What were the Push Pull factors that brought immigrants to the United States

1. Warm-Up – Read the quote from the Statue of Liberty. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free”What does this quote on the Statue of Liberty represent. How does the United States feel about immigrants entering the nation at this time?

2. What You Must Know? What were the Push Pull factors that brought immigrants to the United States Describe the difference between “Old” and “New” Immigrants entering the U.S.

4. Population Explosion • 1870- U.S. Population=10 Million People • 1900- U.S. Population=30 Million People

5. Why do you think people Immigrated to the United States??? Give some Push/Pull Factors

6. PULL PUSH OPPORTUNITY FOR LAND AND WORK POVERTY AND JOB UNCERTAINTY HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING WARS AND POSSIBLE MILITARY SERVICE DEMOCRACY POLITICAL TYRANNY RELIGIOUS OPPRESSON OPPORTUNITY FOR SOCIAL ADVANCEMENT POPULATION PRESSURE

7. The Trip/Arriving • Steerage • 14 Day Trip • Ellis Island (After 1892) • Processing-Ellis Island (1 Day) • Health Issues • Family Separation

8. OLD IMMIGRANTS VS NEW IMMIGRANTS

9. OLD IMMIGRANTS • Came before 1890 • Western and Northern Europe • Mostly males looking for work • or land. • Mostly European Jews • Not all old immigrants planned to • stay in the US

10. NEW IMMIGRANTS - Came after 1890 - Eastern and Southern Europe - Came from Italy, Spain, Greece, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Serbia - Face more hardships and criticism from opposition in the U.S

11. What You Must Know? What were the Push Pull factors that brought immigrants to the United States Describe the difference between “Old” and “New” Immigrants entering the U.S. Explain Nativism and give two examples of US law that supported this movement.

12. Asian Immigration (Angel Island) • China 1800-1900 • Japan 1900-1908 • Processing could take months • America offered an escape from/ Driven by • Famine • Poverty • Unemployment

13. Western Cities • Restricted Jobs • Laborers • Servants • Skilled Tradesman • Merchants • Laundries

14. Nativism • Preference for native born people • 1840’s-1850’s against the Irish • Later used against the Asians, Jews, and Eastern Europeans

16. Anti-Immigrant Groups • The American Protective Association • (Against Catholics) • Workingman’s Party of California • (Against Chinese)

17. National Origins Act Emergency Quota Act Limited the amount of Immigration the Nation would take from each ethnic Group. Laws Clearly favored Northwestern Europeans

18. Chinese Exclusion Act • 1882 • 10 Year ban on Chinese immigration. • Prevented the Chinese from becoming citizens • Renewed 1892 • Made Permanent in 1902 • Finally Repealed 1943

19. Warm-Up (Page 42) • Prior to 1900 where did immigrants to the United States come from? • What reasons might they have had for leaving their home country? • What might they expect to find in America? WYMK 1. Why did people move to the cities in the late 1800’s? 2. What were some problems that existed in cities in during this time period of urbanization?

20. Setting up Camp • Most did not speak English • Many were illiterate • Most had little savings • Education for children meant: Attempts to “Americanize” the immigrants. What is another word for this?

21. Movement to the City • Immigrants • Farmers • Both Groups looking for • Better Jobs • Electricity • Running Water • Plumbing (After 1870) • Entertainment

22. Settling In • Ethnic Neighborhoods • Learning English • Skills?

23. Jane Addams and Hull House Immigrant children at Hull House • Jane Addams • “Settlement” houses/Hull House • Provided activities and services for poor immigrants Jane Addams

24. Settlement Houses • Provide • Shelter • Clothing • Welfare • Education • Support

25. “Cliff Dwellers” 1. How does the artist create the impression of cliffs? 2. What aspects of city life are portrayed here? 3. How does this painting demonstrate the problems of urbanization?

26. Separation by Class • Divisions between the wealthy and the poor. • Wealthy-Heart of the city • Middle Class-Further Out • Poor-Dumbbell Tenements (Dark crowded multi family dwellings)

29. Urban Living Conditions

30. Tenement Activity • In your apartment, draw in enough furniture and household goods for eight people. • Include: • Beds 4 x 7 • Stove 4 x 3 • Washbasin 2 x 2

31. The City • Skyscrapers: As land price increases and steel prices decrease, allowing taller buildings, owners build up. • Mass Transit • Horse Carts (Most Common during 1800’s) • Trolley Cars • Elevated Railroad • First Subway Boston 1897

33. Urban Problems • Crime (Immigrants Blamed) • Fire • Disease Esp. in the 1800’s (Typhoid Fever, Cholera) • Pollution

34. Urban Politics • The Political Machine • Party Bosses • Tammany Hall (1860’s-1870’s)-Boss Tweed • (Do the reading)

35. Nativism Continues in West In 1906 San Francisco ordered all Asians To go to Segregated Schools. Japan took offense to this treatment.

36. Gentlemen’s Agreement President Theodore Roosevelt agreed He would limit Japanese immigration If the Board of Ed would end Segregation Of all Asians.

37. Salad Bowl Activity • Think of at least 4 examples of other cultures locally. • Food • Clothing • Art • Music