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Chapter 6 Section 2

Chapter 6 Section 2. Cell Cycle. The Life of a Eukaryotic Cell. The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.

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Chapter 6 Section 2

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  1. Chapter 6 Section 2 Cell Cycle

  2. The Life of a Eukaryotic Cell • The Cell Cycle • The cellcycle is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism. • A cell spends 90percent of its time in the first three phases of the cycle, which are collectively known as the interphase.

  3. The Cell Cycle • The five phases of the cell cycle are: • First growth (G1) phase: • Cell grows rapidly • Cell carries out routine functions

  4. The five phases of the cell cycle are: • Synthesis (S) phase: • DNA is copied

  5. The five phases of the cell cycle are: • Second growth (G2) phase: • Cell continues to grow • Cell prepares to divide its nucleus

  6. The five phases of the cell cycle are: • Mitosis • Process that the nucleus divides into two nuclei.

  7. The five phases of the cell cycle are: • Cytokinesis • Process that equally divides the cytoplasm • Pinches the parent cell into two new daughter cells

  8. Control of the Cell Cycle • The cell has key checkpoints (inspectionpoints) at which feedback signals from the cell can trigger the next phase of the cell cycle.

  9. Control of the Cell Cycle • Other feedback signals can delay the next phase to allow for completion of the current phase (yellow or red light).

  10. Control of the Cell Cycle • Control occurs at three principal checkpoints: • Cell growth (G1) checkpoint: • Is the cell too big? • If yes, the cell will prepare to divide • If no, the cell will continue to grow.

  11. Control occurs at three principal checkpoints: • DNA synthesis (G2) checkpoint: • Is the DNA properly replicated: • If yes, mitosis will occur. • If no, DNA will repaired.

  12. Control occurs at three principal checkpoints: • Mitosis checkpoint: • Did the nucleus properly divide? • If yes, cytokinesis will occur. • If no, mitosis must be completed.

  13. When Control is Lost: Cancer • Certain genes contain the information necessary to make the proteins that regulate cellgrowth and division.

  14. When Control is Lost: Cancer • If one of these genes is mutated, the protein may not function, and regulation of cell growth and division can be disrupted. • Cancer: the uncontrolled growth of cells.

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