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Grammar Review: Semi-colon and colon

Grammar Review: Semi-colon and colon. There are only TWO ways to use them!. The first rule Use a semi-colon to separate two complete sentences which are closely related. . Notice, though, I said complete sentences!. So, let’s say I write:

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Grammar Review: Semi-colon and colon

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  1. Grammar Review:Semi-colon and colon

  2. There are only TWO ways to use them! • The first rule • Use a semi-colon to separate two complete sentences which are closely related.

  3. Notice, though, I said complete sentences! • So, let’s say I write: • He did not like to write papers. He had to write a paper on Hamlet. • Notice– two complete sentences which are closely related. • To sound like a more mature writer, I should try to combine simple sentences into more complex ones.

  4. This is where the semi-colon comes in He did not like to write papers; he had to write a paper on Hamlet. • We can join these two sentences, LIKE MAGIC, with just a semi-colon!!! These two sentences, though, must be complete!!!

  5. Remember . . . • We can also join two complete sentences (independent clauses) with a comma and a coordinating conjunction, though • And, or, but, so, for, nor, yet are the coordinating conjunctions! • He did not like to write papers, but he wrote a paper on Hamlet.

  6. Sometimes semicolons are accompanied by conjunctive adverbs – words such as however, moreover, therefore, nevertheless, consequently, as a result. • He did not like to write papers; however, he wrote a paper on Hamlet.

  7. Notice the pattern: • ; as a result, • semicolon + conjunctive adverb + comma • This is a typical construction with semicolons

  8. Rule number two: • Use a semi-colon to separate items in a series which themselves contain commas! • Huh? • I like cats, dogs, bunnies, and hamsters. These elements are separated with a comma

  9. But, when the list is really long . .and the things in the list include commas . . We must separate those items with a semi-colon to avoid confusion! • The committee included Shawna DeMay, English teacher, from Lakeshore High School;Natalie Smith, English teacher, from L’Anse Creuse High School; Sara Smith, French teacher, from East Detroit High School; and Dwayne, “the rock” Johnson, from Hollywood, California.

  10. The colon Review on its usage

  11. 1. The colon as introductory device • A. List • I grew a the following vegetables: corn, carrots, cucumber and squash. b. Quotation I nodded slowly: “You are tardy.” c. After a independent clause which acts as an introductory sentence In conclusion, I emphasized my main point: Hamlet is an awesome play. D. Formal appositive I showed slides of the best p lay on earth: Hamlet.

  12. 2. Special uses of the colon • Numerals giving time -- 3:20 • Biblical references Psalms 1:5 (Chapter, verse) • Subtitles for books or magazines (Emotion: Learning to Control Feelings) • Salutations in business letters (Dear Ms. DeMay: ) • Labels used to signal important ideas (Warning: This product is for external use only)

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