SD emergency preparedness and response activities

1. SD emergency preparedness and response activities 1946: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

2. Emergency Response Trends

3. 2008 UNICEF Emergency Response by Region

4. Preparedness – Contingency Planning Massive assistance • Local assistance Scale Conflict Displacement N.Disasters Envir. disasters Nutrition crises Health crises Other Events Some assistance Response - Recovery Standing level of readiness Contingency Planning Support and capacity building Preparedness Risk reduction Prevention Early warning Time

5. UNICEF is there • “Before, during & after” • Collaborative (partners, Governments, Clusters, etc.) • Wide coverage • All phases from regular development programmes to humanitarian action to regular development programmes • Prevention • Risk Reduction • Preparedness • Response • Recovery

6. Core Commitments for Children in Humanitarian Action

7. Core Commitment to children in Emergencies (CCC’s) • The Core Commitments for Children (CCC) describe UNICEF’s commitment to protect the rights of children and women in humanitarian situations. The CCCs, fulfilled by working closely with host governments and other partners, is a framework for accountability for predictable, effective and timely humanitarian action from UNICEF • The CCCs cover programme interventions for nutrition, health, water and sanitation, HIV/AIDS, education, and child protection • The CCCs are grounded in human rights and humanitarian principles, and are a cornerstone for accountability for UNICEF’s humanitarian action • The CCCs reflect actions taken throughout the preparedness and response phases, including early recovery action • The CCCs include explicit strategies to reduce disaster risk and develop national capacity at all stages of humanitarian action • The CCCs focus on action for the first eight critical weeks of humanitarian response, but continue beyond eight weeks towards defined benchmarks

8. Preparedness at multiple levels • - At Country level preparedness is based on an Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan, outlining emergency scenarios likely to occur and the adequate response to these. The supply component includes pre-positioning of supplies (often with partners) and/or pre-defined quantities available based on long-term agreements with suppliers • - At Regional level, similar consideration are being made as at Country level. However, commodities that are likely to be required in one or two countries but not all may be pre-positioned at this level. • - The Global strategy supports the Country level response and augments local and regional activities.

9. Supply / Logistics EP areas • Supply Plan: • Definition of specific emergency items • Definition of Scenarios • Minimum stock requirement = emergency stock • Supply Sourcing: • Emergency Stock • Procurement Procedure • Local LTAs • Partner Agreements, TAs • Off-shore • Warehousing: • Contingency storage capacity identified • Transport: • Local LTAs • Partners’ Transport Capacity

10. Programme Supply Interface Preparedness Activities SUPPLY PLAN 1. Definition of specific emergency items 2. Definition of Scenarios 3. Minimum stock requirement = emergency stock SUPPLY SOURCING EPRP TRANSPORT 1. Local LTAs 2. Partners’ Transport Capacity 1. Emergency Stock 2. Procurement Procedure 2.1.1 Local LTAs 2.1.2 Partner Agreements, TAs 2.2 Off-shore WAREHOUSING • Contingency storage capacity identified

11. Supply Division Emergency Response Strategy: Objectives • Definition of essential items  • Target population defined: 250,000 people  • Provision of essential items  • Three phases response capacity  72 hours 2 weeks 2 months • Ongoing Activities: • Further improvement of above • Support to Regional and Country Level Preparedness.

12. Emergency Supply List • Developed in a collaborative effort between PD and SD. • Consists of 157 items •  staff support (32 items) •  programme support (125 items) • Breakdown of the programme related items by category is: • Cross-Sector 3 • Education/CP 8 • Health 45 • Nutrition 27 • IT 25 • WASH 17 • ESL: http://www.supply.unicef.dk/catalogue/Emergency_Items.pdf

13. 250,000 Population Target • Demographic parameters • Country: General • Children from 6 to 12 months (CHILD612M) 5 % • Children from 12 to 59 months (CHILD1259M) 15 % • Children under 5 years (CHILD5Y) 20 % • Children from 0 to 14 years (default for measles vaccination) (CHILD14Y) 45 % • PLW - if all included in SFP (PLW) 5 % • Under 5s GAM (GAM5Y) 3 % • Under 5s SAM (SAM5Y) 0.6 % • ECD (0 to 6 years) (ECD) 25 % • Primary School (7 to 12 years) (PRIMSCHOOL) 15 % • Adolescent (13 to 18 years) (ADOLESCENT) 10 % • Women (WOMEN) 51 % • Pregnant women (WOMENPREG) 2.4 % • Pregnant women expected to develop complications (WOMENPREGCOMPL) 0.8 % • Pregnant women expected to require surgery (WOMENPREGSURG) 0.26 % • Lactating women (WOMENLACT) 2.6 % • People per family/household (FAMSIZE) 5 people • Cholera outbreak patients (CHOLPAT) 12 %

14. Provision of essential items • Stockpiling of ESL items: • Only the 72h and 2 weeks response quantities are considered for storage by UNICEF in SD or partners’ warehouses • Multiple LTA’s for ESL commodities: • Reduction of replenishment times • Broader supply base • Distribution of suppliers with geographic considerations • Requirement for standardisation • Vendor Managed Inventory: • RUTF, Flat jackets (new) • Outsourcing to partners: • WFP, HCR • Partnerships: • Veolia, MSB

15. [Price + WH + Transport + insurance ++] / Target population = Cost per Beneficiary Step 4: Certain items are very costly but important • Risk factor = Actual Cost of item + Off-take (historic) • Priority = Speed required + Cost per beneficiary E.g. VSAT high Priority low E.g. mosquito nets low high E.g. toys Risk

16. UNICEF Pre-packed Kits • Copenhagen stocks components for assembly of 38 unique kits • Kits conform to UNICEF mandate (WASH, RCH, Edu, Nutrition) • Kits are palletized in standardized lots • Expiration dates are tracked in WMS • Kits contain a complete set of supplies/instructions • Products must be in a “Ready-To-Go” condition for dispatch within 48 hours following a disaster - the most efficient way to accomplish this is pre-assemble kits • Pre-packed standard kits are designed to meet a variety of emergency needs for critical areas of medical, food & housing

17. Pre-packed kits (Cont.) • Medical Care • Emergency Health Kit: to meet the initial health care needs of a displaced population without medical facilities. Contains medicines, medical supplies and basic medical equipment for a population of 10,000 people for three months. • Post exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Kit: treatment used after an individual has been sexually abused or unwittingly exposed to HIV to reduce the risk of infection • Obstetric Surgical Kit: designed to improve maternal and neo-natal care. Contains supplies and equipment including surgical instruments, basic sterilization and resuscitation equipment for health facilities to handle an average of 100 deliveries, including 50 with complications and surgery (with an average of 25 caesarean sections). • Midwifery Kit: for midwifes to handle 50 normal deliveries. Contains basic medicines, renewable medical supplies, medical equipment and basic sterilization and resuscitation equipment  • First Aid Kit: designedfor anyone to treat or dress a range of minor injuries and ailments such as a cut finger, minor burn, or eye infection. It can be used in domestic settings or in schools, for example • Diagnostic tests kits: Pregnancy, malaria, HIV and hepatitis

18. Current innovative solutions Ice from the sun Uninterrupted refrigeration of vaccines is vital, and a major challenge in parts of the world with limited or unreliable electricity supplies or in emergencies. SolarChill stores the power of the sun by creating ice – instead of charging batteries – to keep vaccines cool. The open-source SolarChill technology was developed by UNICEF and its partners, and is currently being improved following successful piloting

19. Current innovative solutions Co-packaging of medicines Failure to take zinc with oral rehydration salts (ORS) for diarrhea can lead to treatment failure, recurrence of the diarrhea and death. UNICEF is working with academia on methods of combining ORS with zinc tablets in one package – incorporating simple instructions, encouraging uptake and saving children’s lives

20. Pre-packed kits (Cont.) • Education and protection • Early Childhood Development Kit: to strengthen the response for young children caught in emergencies. The Kit offers young children access to play, stimulation and early learning opportunities and permits them to retrieve a sense of normalcy. • School-in-a-Box/ Carton Kit: contains supplies and materials for a teacher and 40 students (exercise books, pencils, erasers and scissors, a wooden teaching clock, wooden cubes for counting, a wind-up/solar radio and a set of three laminated posters (alphabet, multiplication and number tables), supplied in a locked aluminum box, the lid of which can double as a blackboard when coated with the special paint included in the kit) • Recreation Kit: For up to 40 children (contains equipment for football, volleyball and handball, bowling pins and balls, colored tunics for different teams and chalk and a measuring tape for marking play areas, whistles, pickets with flags for the field and a slate for keeping score. Comes in a metal box that can be locked for safekeeping). • Cooking Kit includes cooking pots, bowls, cups, and coffee pot. The kit is intended for one family use in emergency situations

21. Pre-packed kits (Cont.) • Water, Sanitation and Hygiene • Basic Family Water Kit: includes water containers, buckets, soap and water purification tablets for 10 families. • Hygiene Kit for adults:  Contains toothbrushes and toothpaste, soap, soap box, detergent, toilet paper, safety pins, towels, comb, shampoo, sanitary towels and a washing line. • Hygiene Kit for baby: contains toothpaste, toothbrushes, nappies and safety pins, zinc ointment, panties for diapers, shampoo, towels and soaps. The kit if designed for baby/infant hygiene in emergency conditions. • Water Quality Testing Kit: to test the presence of microbiological substances, harmful chemicals as well as physical parameters such as color, taste and odor. Equipment and accessories vary according to the test to be carried out. • Arsenic testing kit: comes in various versions, differing mainly in the presentation of reagents (liquid, powder or tablets) for the measurement of arsenic in water. Each of them comes with different accessories.

22. Current innovative solutions Collapsible water container UNICEF’s current 10-litre jerry can for use in emergencies is collapsible but awkward to carry. A team including academic partners is creating an improved carrier that is collapsible, durable, easy to carry and less expensive

23. Pre-packed kits (Cont.) • Shelter • Tarpaulin or plastic sheeting along with ropes, provide basic protection to children and their families. They can also be used for latrines and other structures or, in colder climates, as flooring or liners for tents. Tarpaulin is available in 4 x 50 meter-rolls, which can provide basic shelter for 10 families, or in single 4 x 5 meter sheets, enough for one family. • Blankets: UNICEF provides emergency wool-blend blankets (150 x 200 cm) adapted to the local climate, and cotton baby blankets (90 x 130 cm). • Cooking sets: In emergencies, UNICEF provides cooking sets for the most vulnerable families, containing 2 cooking pots, 4 bowls, 4 cups and a coffee/tea pot. • Tents: tents for shelter in both 24m2 and 72m2 sizes. The 24 square meter tent can be used for family and staff accommodation, while the 72 square meter tent can be used for temporary clinics and classrooms in support of UNICEF's efforts in the areas of education and health • Food and early recovery utensils (spades, rakes, etc. – Not part of UNICEF supplies and distribution)

24. Current innovative solutions Emergency shelter In partnership with its suppliers, UNICEF is developing improved designs for emergency response tents which will be more compact, lighter and easier to erect – reducing both assembly time and transportation costs

25. Recapitulation • SD stocks in Copenhagen, Dubai, Panama, Shanghai, Accra • Aim to have emergency stocks with suppliers for availability within 48hrs (for 72hrs response) and 10 days (for 2 weeks response) • General understanding that emergency items available from multiple suppliers (need for multiple LTAs) • Collaboration with humanitarian partners in sharing agreements or procuring of partners (shelter related items: UNHCR, Nutrition kits: MSF; and Cluster approach) • Global freight agreements to enable transport with minimum delays • For global supplies, air transport only means of transport for first two phases, i.e. 72hrs and 2 weeks. For 2 months response sea transport feasible if needs identified early • Consideration of high air transport costs vs possible need to write off items that are not being used at CO during shelf life time.

26. UNICEF’s warehouse value (US$129 mil in 43 COs)

27. Emergency Supplies Calculator To support Country Offices in quick identification supplies and quantities needed To assist Country Offices with the estimation of the costs for items and transport

28. We look forward to acontinuing collaboration with the Government of IndiaThank you !!!