Getting Ready For Science

1. Getting Ready For Science Daiann Hughes 2010-2011

2. BioglyphsUse symbols to create your bioglyph diagram.

3. In science, it is important to be observant and think like a scientist!

4. Write a name by the number that you think Identifies that person

5. Objectives • P2. Define mass, volume, and density. • P6.2 Describing how a spring scale is used to measure weight

6. Mass and Weight Many people will use the words mass and weight as if they mean the same thing. Well, this isn’t true when you are working with properties of gravity. Mass is the total amount of space your body takes up. Your mass is not going to physically change no matter where in the Universe you go. Your body will still be made of the same things. You will still be the same shape you are on earth. The only time your mass will change is when you grow bigger in both height and weight. When your weight or height increase or decrease your body mass changes shape. Weight deals primarily with gravity.

7. Mass versus Weight 1) Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter something contains, while Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object. 2) Mass is measured by using a balance comparing a known amount of matter to an unknown amount of matter. Weight is measured on a scale. 3) The Mass of an object doesn't change when an object's location changes. Weight, on the other hand does change with location, because of gravity.

8. Gravity 4.Gravity is a force of nature that works between two bodies of matter in the universe to try and pull them together. • The best example possible to explain gravity is to look at a person. You are a body of matter. The earth is also a body of matter. Gravity pulls you down to the earth and allows you to walk around instead of floating. http://www.amnh.org/ology/astronomy#features/gravity?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=600

9. The Moon has a gravity that is 0.165 of Earth's The moon has less amounts of gravity then the earth does so if you were to go on the moon you would bounce and float rather than walk. You would also weigh a lot less because the lack of gravity would make your body weight change. Weight change occurs because the matter would be much denser then it is on the earth. While you are on earth gravity will stop you from floating away. However, the further you get from earth the more problems you would have staying on the ground.

10. Science Lab Gravity • United Streaming • Your Weight in the Universe • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1549DA20-1FEF-42AE-AE93-4E32D94D55D3&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US • Video: Gravity

12. Volume vs. Capacity • Capacity is the ability to hold contain, absorb, or receive. It is the amount of space that can be filled. • Volume is the amount of space that is taken up within three-dimensional objects. • Volume and capacity are sometimes Thought about as capacity being used for how much liquid a container can hold and volume being how much space an object displaces. • Capacity is the total volume something has. • Volume = length X width X height • Video Clip: United Streaming/Discovering Math: Volume and Capacity

14. Population Density If you have ever been in a crowded movie theater or shopping mall, you are familiar with the idea of density. Picture your school classroom with only five students in it. Now think of that same classroom with 30 students in it. The classroom is the same size in each case, but the number of people is different. Which classroom situation has a higher density? If you said the class of 30 students, you are correct. 1. More students in the same sized space means a higher population density.

15. Density 2. The box that has more balls has more mass per unit of volume. This property of matter is called density. The density of a material helps to distinguish it from other materials. 3.. Since mass is usually expressed in grams and volume in cubic centimeters, density is expressed in grams/cubic centimeter.

16. Think: You have a block that is 2 cm by 2 cm by 2 cm. This means that the volume of the block is 8 cm3. You place the block on a balance and find that its mass is 50 grams. You would calculate the density of the block by taking 50 g and dividing it by 8 cm3. The density of the block is 6.25 g/cm3. 4. Density = Mass ÷ Volume Volume = l x w x h = 2x2x2 = 8cm3 Mass = 50 g Density = 50g ÷ 8cm3 = 6.25g/cm3

17. Will it sink? • The density of many common substances are known. For example, the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3. The density of a substance determines whether that substance will sink or float if placed in a liquid like water. Substances that are less dense than water will float on its surface and substances that are denser will sink in it. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3, which means it is much denser than water. Would gold sink or float if placed in water?

18. The density of liquids: • Take a glass and add some water to it. Then carefully pour some vegetable oil on top of the water. You will notice that the oil forms a layer on top of the water. Why would this be?

19. It happens because oil is less dense than water, so it is able to float on top of it. If you were to add some other objects to this glass they would float or sink according to their densities. • Water in its liquid form is called ice. A unique property of water is that solid water is less dense than liquid water. This means that ice floats. You have probably observed this when drinking a glass of ice water. • The density of ice is very important to living things. During the winter lakes form layers of ice on the surface, but there is still liquid water (which is more dense) below. This allows fish and other animals to survive during the winter.

20. In chemistry, density is a physical property of something. Density depends on both mass and volume. The equation below shows this. • Density = mass/volume • Volume is the amount of space that an object occupies. Density can be calculated by taking the mass (usually measured in grams) and dividing it by the volume (usually measured in cm3).

21. 5. Block I Mass = 79.4 grams Volume=29.8 cubic cm Density = mass/volume D= 79.4g/29.8cm3 D = g/cm3 6. Block II: Mass= 25.4 grams Volume=29.8 cubic cm. Density = We can calculate density using the formula:Density= Mass/Volume

22. Testing Density What You Need 2 clear glassesWater2 eggsTable saltMeasuring spoon What You Do Fill one glass halfway with water and carefully place one egg in it. The egg will rest on the bottom of the glass. (Of course it does! An egg is heavy!) Fill the other glass halfway with water, add 10 tablespoons of salt, and then carefully place the egg in the concoction. The egg will float. If you add more salt, does the egg float higher?

23. Key Terms • Salt: A crystalline compound formed by neutralizing an acid with certain bases. Table salt - sodium chloride - is an edible salt with a tangy taste. • Desiccant: A substance that absorbs water and can be used to remove moisture.

24. Why it Works You can change the density of a substance by heating it, cooling it, or adding something to it. You can test a substance's density by putting something in it and noting how much buoyancy (upward lift) the test item has. Here you test the density of water as a liquid. The density of plain drinking water is low. Salt is a desiccant, which means it absorbs water. So, when you put it in the water, it becomes bloated with water molecules and sink, creating a highly dense layer of saltwater. The egg floats! This experiment also works with people, but you'll need a lot of salt. (Try the ocean!)

25. Density • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5897-scientific-method-measuring-density-video.htm • Make Foldable

26. Measuring Volume and Density • Promethean Board

27. Mass, Weight, Volume/Capacity, and Density • Mass - measurement of the amount of matter something contains • Weight - weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object • Volume - the amount of space that is taken up within three-dimensional objects • Capacity - the amount of space that can be filled • Density- A measure of how much matter a unit of a substance contains, relative to the volume of the substance. Water = 1.0g/cm3

28. Quiz on Density

29. Centers: Relating Math to Science Centers for Measurement: Copy, Paste, make large cards and laminate. Center 1: Walk around the room and find at least 3 things that are a meter and 3 things that are a yard. Center 2: Time how many you can do in one minute. -jumping jacks - numbers you can count - sit-ups - other Center 3: Weigh the objects. Record the kg/grams and pounds/ounces. Compare with the package weight. Center 4: Measure how many liters/milliliters and cups/ounces each container holds. Center 5: Match the unit cards for length, weight, time, and capacity. Give an example of each using the vocabulary? words given. Center 6: Measure the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius of the following. Center7: Density ? Wood float and sink

30. Science Notebooks:A Tool for Organizing Science Literacy AMSTI

31. Science Notebooks • Lab Notebook: Investigate, Experiment, Observe, and Think • Class Notebook: Vocabulary, Notes/Study Guides, Handouts, Reading Reviews, and Chapter Review

32. Notebook • Each student needs a mead composition book. • Look at text book and have a language arts lesson – how to set up a book. ( Title page, table of contents, etc (4 Sections AMSTI) Language Arts PowerPoint • Write name on white end for stacking • Is it an activity or investigation or experiment? • Putting handouts in notebook – can fold hotdog, then hamburger; tape or staple; put in notebook

33. Textbook/NotebookGetting Ready for Science1. KWL2. Vocabulary

34. Lesson 1:What Tools Do Scientists Use? 3 Discuss Measuring Up! Investigate – Text; page 1 • Discuss the questions 1 and 2 in text under Draw Conclusions • What is a variable? Discuss, then answer #3 under Draw Conclusions

35. Inquiry Skill: Identifying Variables 3 Insert electronic Transparency IS0500

36. KWL Chart 1 K -Know W – want to know L - learned

37. Vocabulary - 6 • Microscope • Balance • Investigation • Inquiry • Experiment • Scientific method

38. Lesson 1 - Notes: 3 1. Scientists use special tools to measure and observe objects in nature. 2. The thermometer measures temperature in the units of Celsius C and F. 3. The spring scale measures weight in Newton or grams. 4. The measuring cup measures volume in the units of milliliters or ounces. 5. The hand lens and the magnifying box make things appear larger. 6. The dropper measures volume of liquids and moves them.

39. Lesson 1 - Notes: 3 7. The ruler measures length and width in cm, mm, and inches. 8. The tape measure is like the ruler, but can measure curved or round objects, 9. The forceps helps you pick up, move, or hold small objects. They don’t measure. 10. The microscope led to the discovery of bacteria and other tiny living things living in water. 11. Use a balance to measure mass and a spring scale to measure weight. Mass is the amount of matter in an object and weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. 12. The spring scale would not measure the same in outer space as it does on Earth because of gravity. 13. Always use Lab Safety rules.

40. How Do You Organize Science notebooks? • Title Page • Table of contents: Date/Title of Entry • Entries with Handouts/Lab Sheets/Foldables

41. Table of Contents Page Activity/Lab Date • Science Tool Kit Observation 9/07/10

42. Tool Kit Observation 1 Observe, draw, and write about your tool kit. Name Purpose Sketch Description • Thermometer • Dropper • Tape measure • Spring Scale • Ruler • Magnifying box • Measuring cup • Forceps • Hand lens

43. Tool Kit Observation Observe and write about your tool kit: • The thermometer measures cold and hot. • The spring scale measures weight. • Two magnifying tools make things bigger; magnifying box and hand lens.. • The ruler and tape measure tell size Tape measure is used rounded objects. • The dropper moves liquids and small amounts of volume. • The forceps move, pick up or hold small things; butis not a measuring tool. • The measuring cup tells how much. • The balance measures mass.

44. Science Safety Tips • Wear safety goggles during science experiments. • Clean up any spills immediately • Wash hands after completing an experiment. • Use caution when using heat for an experiment. • Use protective gloves when working with chemicals. • Never taste or smell a science experiment. • Clean up the entire work area as soon as the project or experiment has been completed. Wipe area and wash and properly store equipment.

45. Lesson 2:What Inquiry Skills do Scientists Use?

46. Lesson 2 Notes 5 • Investigating is looking for an answer to a question. • Inquiry skills are an organized way to gather information. They are used to gather information about things or events in an organized way. • A variable is a factor such as size that can have more than one condition. • Skills: next slide

48. Surrounded by Science • Science is all around me • Science Processes

49. Use Your Senses • Video: Slim Goodbody • Video Quiz • Use your Senses Worksheet HW