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Mutations and cancer

Mutations and cancer. Textbook P. 30. It depends on the type of cell and how much “wear-and-tear” the cell experiences. Lining of Intestine– 3 days Skin – 20 days Red Blood Cells – 4 months Brain – up to 50 years!. How long do cells live?.

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Mutations and cancer

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  1. Mutations and cancer Textbook P. 30

  2. It depends on the type of cell and how much “wear-and-tear” the cell experiences. Lining of Intestine– 3 days Skin – 20 days Red Blood Cells – 4 months Brain – up to 50 years! How long do cells live?

  3. Every minute 30,000-40,000 dead skin cells fall from your body! You get a whole new layer every month! You are likely to shed some 20 kg of skin in a lifetime. GROSS! Right now there are over a million small dust mites on your mattress and pillow, chomping on the dead skin cells that fell off you last night! DOUBLE GROSS! Your skin

  4. Healthy tissue – CELLS ARE REPLACED WHEN NEEDED

  5. A permanent change in the DNA code. Sometimes happens randomly More often caused by environmental factors What is a mutation?

  6. X-Rays, UV rays Chemicals in cigarettes Some pollution (e.g. mercury) Radiation (e.g. nuclear accident in Japan) Examples of environmental factors causing mutations

  7. Some mutations cause cell division more quickly than normal – OUT OF CONTROL! A clump of cells forms called a tumour Tumours can take up space blockingnormal function of a body part and use up nutrients If it is cancer, these cells divide VERY QUICKLY and can invade other parts of the body. Cancer

  8. Benign – no tendency to spread Malignant – capable of spreading to other parts of the body Two categories of tumour

  9. TUMOUR DEVELOPMENT

  10. Can you spot differences in these cells? Cancer cells look “unusual”

  11. Surgery – remove the tumour Radiation – (X-Ray, Gamma Raysetc.) Chemotherapy – treatment with drugs Usually there are side effects to radiation and chemo (nausea, hair loss…..) Treating cancer

  12. Eat healthy, and exercise!This will prevent 1/3of all cancers! Don’t smoke! (80-90% of all lung cancer deaths are smokers) Don’t tan excessively (skin cancer is the most common type of cancer – the World Health Organization now says that tanning beds are a knowncarcinogen) More fruit and veggies, less red meat Cancer Prevention

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