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How self esteem and attachment relates to romantic relationships

Propensity score matching was used to replace RCT for observational findings. Actor Partner Independence Model (APIM) was used to study the nature of the relationship between the two partners. The longitudinal study findings concluded that self-esteem influences relationship satisfaction and not vice versa.

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How self esteem and attachment relates to romantic relationships

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  1. How self esteem and attachment relates to romantic relationships (Case Study) Company Name: Home Of Dissertations Website: https://www.dissertationhomework.com Contact Number: +44 7842798340 CONNECT NOW

  2. How self esteem and attachment relates to romantic relationships

  3. Abstract A psychometric longitudinal study was conducted on the personality and individual differences for a period of 12 months based on three different variables namely: “Self esteem”, “Attachment”, “Romantic relationship”. The self esteem of the individuals determines whether the individual is leading a satisfied life and is well associated with success and well being with many significant domains of life. There are varied theories discussed in relation such as sociometer, reflected appraisal, self verification and attachment theories. The associations between the factors but outcome were evaluated repeatedly after the event or transition to investigate whether the effects are momentary or constant. Propensity score matching was used to replace RCT for observational findings. Actor Partner Independence Model (APIM) was used to study the nature of the relationship between the two partners. The longitudinal study findings concluded that self esteem influences relationship satisfaction and not vice versa. Marriage did not impact upon self esteem and that adult romantic relationship functions as reciprocal attachment bonds within which each partner acts as an attachment figure for others which are in accordance to the past studies. With respect to limitations of the study discussed, the effect upon self esteem varies with differences in age, gender, race, ethnicity and personality. The study was conducted was for short span of time so the findings cannot be generalised to seriously commit long time relationships. Other forms of romantic relationships like lesbian and gay were not studied.

  4. Study Objectives: • A psychometric longitudinal study was conducted on the personality and individual differences for a period of 12 months • The study variables, different relevant theories, methodology and analysis of the data will be discussed within this presentation • Discussion along with limitations for the study conducted will be stated.

  5. Three variables used for the study • “Self esteem” denotes the subjective evaluation of an individual with regard to his/her worth (Erol, & Orth, 2017). • “Attachment” is considered as profound and continuing emotional connection between two people that unites them across time and distance (Collins, & Feeney, 2000). • “Romantic relationship” is defined as the attraction between two people both on emotional and biological terms which is based on honesty and accountability (Collins, & Feeney, 2000).

  6. Self Esteem, Attachment and Romantic Relationship

  7. Theoretical Backgrounds based on literature review • Human beings have an innate desire for interpersonal relationships to fulfil their cravings for acceptance or belongingness (Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • Sociometer theory states that self esteem reflects the perception of subject on owns value of relationship (Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • Reflected appraisal theory is another major framework that highlights on the significance of perceived appraisal from others for shaping the thought process of the individual to view themselves (Harris, & Orth, 2019). • Self Verification theory supports the idea that perceived conception of relationship partner play a major role in the association between factors of relationship and self esteem (Harris, & Orth, 2019). • Attachment theory of Bowlby (1969) states that attaching close to others is a fundamental need of human beings as because they are born with behavioural structure committed to form attachment bonds to ensure protection and survival (Harris, & Orth, 2019).

  8. Methodology And Data analyses • Longitudinal study designs was conducted to study the psychometric associations between the factors (Brown, & Brown, 2015). • Propensity score matching is one method that was utilized to replace RCT on observational data (Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • Actor Partner Independence Model (APIM) was used to study the nature of the relationship between the two partners (Ackerman, Ledermann, & Kenny, 2016).

  9. Study findings: • The longitudinal study findings concluded that self esteem influences relationship satisfaction and not vice versa. • The beginning phase of romantic relationship increased self esteem and it continued for at least 1 year and this was in accordance to study findings conducted by Luciano, and Orth, 2017. • Break up decreased the self esteem but it the effect disappeared within 1 year even if the person remains single. • Marriage did not impact upon self esteem which is in accordance to past evidences (Luciano, & Orth, 2017).

  10. Results continued…. • According to past confirmations, there was data available on self esteem and relationship satisfaction and quality of relationship on various levels throughout the life of an individual (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003). • Longitudinal findings on attachment and romantic relationship stated that adult romantic relationship functions as reciprocal attachment bonds within which each partner acts as an attachment figure for others as mentioned by the study of Collins, & Feeney, 2000.

  11. Discussions • The selection effects on self esteem on relationship transition highlighted that high self esteem predicted beginning of a relation and low self esteem indicates break up (Erol, & Orth, 2017; Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • Searching for a partner, committing to any relationship and adapting to the new role of partner is considered to be a central development task and with the successful implementation of this task the self esteem gets boosted (Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • But the effect upon self esteem is not same upon every individual due to differences in age and personality (Luciano, & Orth, 2017). • Self esteem is considered to be a stable trait within an individual and it is related to five big personality factors (Erol, & Orth, 2017).

  12. Discussions • The attachment of individuals can be defined via two independent continuous dimensions such as avoidance and anxiety (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • Attachment anxiety refers to the fear of being rejected and doubts his/her worth in a relationship (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • Attachment avoidance refers to the extent when the person avoids intimacy, dislikes dependency and disregards the importance of relationship (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • Another trait is attachment security that involves low level of both avoidance and anxiety (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006).

  13. Attachment Styles in a Romantic Relationship

  14. Limitations faced while studying • The effect upon self esteem is not same upon every individual due to differences in age, gender, race, ethnicity and personality (Harris, & Orth, 2019). • It is important to note that attachment working models are not same all the time as a individual will not show same level of anxiety or avoidance all through the life with different relationships (Harris, & Orth, 2019). • The study included young individuals within a short dating span for the study. Further studies on seriously committed relationship for a long span of time should be carried on to understand the correlation between time and working models (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • Other romantic relationships like lesbian, gay, transgender, bisexual were not considered and demands investigation (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • Behavioural and Psychological methods should be included to avoid self report bias (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006).

  15. Applications • The meta analytical findings of the studies can be utilized as power calculations for the future studies (Harris, & Orth, 2019). • The findings can be utilised for the counselling therapy for relationship problems (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006). • The findings explained the normal trends of age in the developmental period (Brumbaugh, & Fraley, 2006).

  16. References • Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2017). Self-esteem and the quality of romantic relationships. European Psychologist. • Ackerman, R. A., Ledermann, T., & Kenny, D. A. (2016). Power analysis for the actor-partner interdependence model. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved from https://robert-ackerman. shinyapps. io/APIMPower. • Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological science in the public interest, 4(1), 1-44. • Brown, M. A., & Brown, J. D. (2015). Self-enhancement biases, self-esteem, and ideal mate preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 61-65. • Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(6), 1053. • Luciano, E. C., & Orth, U. (2017). Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 112(2), 307. • Brumbaugh, C. C., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The evolution of attachment in romantic relationships. Dynamics of romantic love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex, ed. M. Mikulincer & GS Goodman, 71-101. • Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2019). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of personality and social psychology.

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