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Non-Burrowing Mites and Other Skin Issues in Animals

This case covers various skin conditions in animals including Cheyletiellosis, Warbles, Botfly, Dog Lice, and Dermatophytosis. Learn about their clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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Non-Burrowing Mites and Other Skin Issues in Animals

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  1. CASE #6

  2. NON-BURROWING MITES

  3. Cheyletiellosis • “walking dandruff” • Affects dogs, cats, rabbits, humans • Feed on lymph • Eggs deposited on hair shafts • Highly contagious among animals • Direct contact and fomites

  4. Cheyletiellosis • Clinical Signs • Severity of pruritis varies • Dry scales along back => entire body • Patchy hair loss from scratching

  5. Cheyletiellosis • Dx: • collect scales with clear tape, flea comb, skin scraping and ID with microscope • Rx: • Weekly baths with flea control products containing pyrethrins or permethrin and/or lime sulfur dip

  6. CASE #7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90exkFR2iSM

  7. Warbles (Cuterebra) • Adult fly lays eggs => larvae penetrates skin of animals=>matures=> leaves animal to become an adult fly • Dx: swelling of skin behind ears with opening – can see larvae

  8. Warbles (cuterebra) • Tx: open fistula and remove larvae • Flush wound (betadine, Nolvasan) • Oral antibiotics for skin infection • Client Info: keep animals in fly-free environment

  9. Warbles (Cuterebra) Botfly, genus cuterebra

  10. HANG IN THERE! “The light at the end of the tunnel is not an illusion. The tunnel is.”

  11. CASE #8

  12. Botfly ( Order Diptera)

  13. Myiasis • Many spp. of flies lay eggs on wet, warm, damaged skin => larvae are maggots • Dx: visually seen under matted hair with foul odor • Rx: Clip hair • Flush wound, clean daily • Antibiotics • Keep indoors to prevent re-infection • Client info • Disease of neglect • More common in heavy coated animals in summer • Do not use dips to remove maggots

  14. CASE #9

  15. Dog Lice (Linognathus setosus)

  16. Dog Lice • Host specific • disease of neglect • Dx: lice cause intense itching • Blood suckers => anemia if heavy infestation • Presence of lice or nits or eggs diagnostic • Rx • Treat all animals in house with dip, shampoo or dust • Topical insecticides used for fleas and ticks are adequate • Wash bedding thoroughly • Ivermectin orally (extra-label use) • Client Info • Humans don’t get lice from pets

  17. Case #10

  18. Dermatophytosis • Superficial cutaneous infection • 3 primary dermatophytes • Microsporum canis • Trichophyton mentagrophytes • Microsporum gypseum • Cat: 90% M. canis; Dog: all 3

  19. Dermatophytosis • Transmission • Direct contact • Contact with infected hair and scale through fomites • Spores small and easily aerosolized • Fleas • Infected hairs – infective for up to 18 months • Incubation period 1-3 weeks • M. canis– cats • Trichophyton – rodents or nests • M. gypseum – geophilic (soil) • More common in moist, warm environments

  20. Dermatophytosis • Clinical Signs • Hair loss, scaling and crusting • +/- pruritus • Cats • Mimics other skin diseases • Can form ulcerated dermal nodules • Dog • Focal or multifocal areas of hair loss • Papules, scales and crusts • Central area of hyperpigmentation

  21. Dermatophytosis • Dx: • Wood’s Light – UV light • Quick and easy screen • 50% of M. canis fluoresce, rest do not • Differentiate from scale, dust, dirt • Lamp must warm up for 5 minutes prior to exam.

  22. Wood’s lamp

  23. Dermatophytosis • Dx • Fungal culture – definitive • Color change to red in 1-3 weeks • Confirm with microscopic exam • Tx • Usually self curing in healthy animal – may take 2-3 months, esp. in kittens • 3 elements to effective treatment: • Topical – reduces contamination on hair coat • Systemic- reduces healing time • Environmental-decreases contamination and spread

  24. Microsporum canis

  25. Trichophyton mentagrophytes

  26. Microsporum gypseum

  27. Dermatophyte Test Media (DTM)

  28. Dermatophytosis – Treatment • Clip haircoat, particularly long hairs • Topicals • Spot treatment may predispose to subclinical infections • Whole body shampoos, dips, rinses twice weekly • Lime-sulfur at 8oz/gal • Miconazole containing shampoos

  29. Dermatophytosis-Treatment • Systemic tx • Griseofulvin • GI absorption variable • Adverse effects • Vomiting/diarrhea, anorexia • Bone marrow suppression • Neurologic signs • Ketoconazole • Potential liver toxicity • Itraconazole • Less Side effects • Tx till resolution of signs and 2 negative cultures

  30. Dermatophytosis – Treatment • Environment • Remove or discard all bedding, brushes, fabric toys, etc • Cheap vacuum to clean with, then discard • Clean all surfaces; use bleach • Vacuum daily • Disinfect weekly • Catteries – strict isolation

  31. Dermatophytosis – Zoonosis • At risk populations: children, immune suppressed adults, older adults • Cats can be carriers w/o clinical signs

  32. Ringworm (human)

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