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Types of Texts

Types of Texts. Literacy Ready History Unit 2, Lesson 9. Structure of Texts Used by Historians. How information is organized within a text determines its structure. Most texts used by historians reflect some basic structures: 1. Descriptive – What happened? What was the case?

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Types of Texts

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  1. Types of Texts LiteracyReady History Unit 2, Lesson 9

  2. Structure of Texts Used by Historians • How information is organized within a text determines its structure. • Most texts used by historians reflect some basic structures: 1. Descriptive – What happened? What was the case? 2. Explanatory - Why did it happen? Why was it the case? 3. Argumentative/Justificatory – I believe that this is the case; I believe this is the explanation because.... • Narratives—historical accounts—use both descriptive and explanatory structures. History textbooks commonly combine description and explanation, but rarely argumentation/justification!

  3. Media – how historians access texts • Types of media often used by historians: • Traditional print (books, journals, magazines, newspapers) • Radio • Television • DVD • Internet • Photography/art

  4. Genre – general categories of texts used by historians • Memoir – a record of events based on personal observation, similar to autobiography • Biography/autobiography • Historical fiction • Map • Data table or graph • Textbook • Political cartoon • News story • Artwork • Interview • Video • Documentary • Legal document • Legislation • Photograph • Blog • Tweet

  5. Sources – Primary Vs. Secondary • According to historians, PRIMARY sources are artifacts, documents, recordings, or other sources of information that were created at the time under study (i.e., news story, interview, legal document, etc.). • According to historians, SECONDARY sources use primary and interpretative documents as evidence in creating a historical interpretation (i.e., biography, documentary, etc.). • TERTIARY sources are those that use secondary and perhaps primary sources. Textbooks can usually be thought of as tertiary sources. The information in them does not come directly from primary and interpretive documents.

  6. Example of Texts: U.S. Involvement in Vietnam 1. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – primary source; genre – legislation 2. Photo of Lyndon Johnson in the White House – primary source; genre – photograph 3. Article from New York Times describing U.S. troop deployment (1968) – primary source; genre – news story

  7. Examples of Texts:U.S. Involvement in Vietnam 4. Caputo, Philip, A Rumor of War (1977) – secondary source; genre – memoir 5. Vietnam: A Television History (1983) – secondary source; genre – documentary

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