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The Lithium Company Dr. Steffen Haber President Lithium.
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The Lithium CompanyDr. Steffen HaberPresident Lithium © 2008 CHEMETALL GMBH - This document and all information contained herein is the proprietary information of CHEMETALL GMBH. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of CHEMETALL GMBH. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.
Rockwood is a global specialty chemicals and advanced materials company. Its shares are publicly traded at the NYSE (ROC) • Strong growth, organic and through acquisitions • Strong financial performance • The lithium business is a major part of Rockwood‘s specialty chemicals business, trading under the name Chemetall Group Structure Sales (2007): $3.1B Employees: +10,000 Chemetall Group Sales (2007): $1.1B Employees: 2,829 Lithium Division Chemetall GmbH Lithium Division Chemetall Foote Corp. Sociedad Chilena de Litio Ltd. Chemetall Taiwan Ltd.
Chemetall Group – At-a-Glance 2007 Chemetall-Group Fine Chemicals Surface Treatment • Automotive Technologies • Advanced Technologies • Performance Products • System Technologies • Lithium • Special Metals • Metal Sulphides
Glass ceramics Aluminum Cement Grease CO2 Absorption Pharmaceuticals Al - alloys Pharmaceuticals Elastomers Pharmaceuticals Lithium – Selected Applications Key Products Key Applications Lithium carbonate Li-Ionen-Batteries Lithium hydroxide Li-Ionen-Batterien Mining Lithium metal Lithium Batteries Butyl-lithium Agrochemicals Lithium specialties Electronic Materials Agrochemicals
Li-tri (t-butoxy)- alanate Li-Acetylide Phenyl- lithium Li- Chromate Li- Alanate LHS LDA Methyl- lithium Li-Tetra- borate Li- Hydride LiBOB Butyl- lithium Li- Amide Li- Silicate Li- Perchlorate Lithium Metal Li- Nitride Li-t- Butoxide Li- Methoxide Li- Phosphate Li- Iodide Grignards Foils STA STAB Li- Nitrate Sabalith MTB Lithium Chloride Li- Fluoride Li- Salicylate MDA Anodes STB Li- Sulphate Li- Zeolite Li- Bromide Li- Citrate Lithium Carbonate Li- Peroxide Magnesium Compounds Sodium Compounds Li- Benzoate Li- Acetate Li- Hydroxide Potash Brines CO2- Absorption Products Bischofite Know How The “Lithium Tree” Comments • Providing lithium compounds throughout all stages of the value chain • Constantly expansion due to new applications • Optimization according to customer needs
Manufacturing Sites - Overview New Johnsonville, TN, USA Langelsheim, Germany Silver Peak, NV, USA Taichung, Taiwan Kings Mountain, NC, USA Antofagasta, Chile
Lithium – Production / Key Technologies Brine and salt processing Inert gas technology (metalorganics, hydrides) • Solar pond technology • Salt purification • Crystallization • Production of high purity Lithium salts • Large Scale Production of air and water sensitive materials • Unique production of Li-Aluminum Hydride • Handling of compressed gases and hazardous raw materials (Vinyl-, Methyl-, Benzyl chloride, etc.) Processing of alkali metals to semi-finished products • Handling of molten Lithium metal • Casting of Lithium metal • Production of semi-finished metal products Closed cycles of materials • Recycling of lithium containing residues
Core Strength of the Lithium Division Core Competencies • Global presence with Marketing & Service, Research & Development, and Production • Comprehensive knowledge of products and applications • Flexible and fast reaction to market developments • Profound knowledge of relevant markets Competitive Advantages • Completely backwards integrated • Technological leadership • Strong technical customer support • Chemetall is known as reliable supplier globally
Global Lithium Market Position Global Market Share • Chemetall has more than 50% share of the global market for lithium products. For lithium carbonate, the share is approx. 30% • Chemetall provides capacity, products and production sites worldwide in order to fulfill the needs of our customers • Chemetall is the clear global technology and innovation leader in all aspects of lithium production and its applications. Technology Leadership
Chile • Location: • Antofagasta (Headquarters/Plant) • 1700 km north of Santiago Salar de Atacama (Brines) • 200 km east of Antofagasta • Main Products: • Lithium carbonate • Lithium chloride • Potash • Bischofite • Management Systems: • Quality Management System ISO 9001
Silver Peak, Nevada • Location: • Silver Peak, Nevada • 350 km north of Las Vegas • Main Products: • Lithium carbonate • Lithium hydroxide • Management Systems: • Quality Management System ISO 9001
Chemetall Lithium Production Potential Chemetall has steadily increased production in the past and expects to continue to do so in the future to meet market needs. 2005 2006 2008 2002 Expansion plans based on current market estimates (Salar de Atacama, Chile - Silver Peak, Nevada - Langelsheim, Germany)
Worldwide Lithium Reserves 2008 • Current estimates of worldwide Lithium reserves total 28,400,000 tonnes Lithium. (or 150,000,000 tonnes Lithium Carbonate)* • Reserves in active or proposed operations total 14,000,000 tonnes. (or 74,000,000 tonnes Lithium Carbonate)* • Current worldwide demand is about 16,000 tonnes Lithium. (or 84,000 tonnes carbonate)* * Source: Roskill‘s Lithium Digest No. 70 2008.1
HEV/EV* Market Growth – IIT Report 10 lbs LCE per car2012: 1.0 MM cars 10 MM lbs LCE2015: 2.5 MM cars 25 MM lbs LCE Vehicles per year (000) IIT 03/2008 * HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle EV = Electric Vehicle
Battery makers are racing to develop lithium-ion cells to power new generations of plug-in hybrids and electric cars. Market Developments
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Assumptions for the degree of penetration of E-cars in the market • 60 million cars are registered as new cars world wide p.a. • Lithium Carbonate consumption per 1 kw/h is 0.6 kg • Industry expects the e-car share to reach approx. 1 - 10% in 2020
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 All figures are in tons Lithium Carbonate Equivalents (LCE) Car specific facts • Car types: (B)EV PHEV HEV/Mild • Battery capacity: 25 kWh 12 kWh ~2 kWh • LCE demand: 15 kg 7.2 kg 1.2 kg • Price per battery: ~$700/kWh • LCE cost share at $8/kg Li2CO3: less than 1%
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Li demand in LCE, for 1.6% 1,000,000 cars EV PHEV HEV/Mild • LCE cont./battery 15 kg 7.2 kg 1.2 kg • # cars from share • Scenario A 600,000 100,000 300,000 • Scenario B 200,000 200,000 600,000 • Total LCE • Scenario A 9,000 t 720 t 360 t • Scenario B 3,000 t 1,440 t 720 t • Demand • Scenario A total: 10,080 t • Scenario B 5,160 t
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Li demand in LCE, for 10%, 6,000,000 cars EV PHEV HEV/Mild • LCE cont./battery 15 kg 7.2 kg 1.2 kg • # cars from share • Scenario A 3,600,000 600,000 1,800,000 • Scenario B 1,200,000 1,200,000 3,600,000 • Total LCE • Scenario A 54,000 t 4,320 t 2,160 t • Scenario B 18,000 t 8,460 t 4,320 t • Demand • Scenario A total: 60,480 t • Scenario B total: 30,960 t
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Scenario A for 10% penetration • 60,480 t automotive demand • 50,000 t others (including a net growth of 2% until 2020) • 35,000 t others LIB • 145,480 t total lithium carbonate Scenario B for 10% penetration • 30,960 t automotive demand • 50,000 t others (including a net growth of 2% until 2020) • 35,000 t others LIB • 115,960 t total lithium carbonate In both scenarios the demand could be covered by the Salar de Atacama resources.
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Scenario A for 1,6% penetration • 10,080 t Automotive demand • 50,000 t others (including a net growth of 2% until 2020) • 35,000 t others LIB • 95,080 t total lithium carbonate Scenario B for 1,6% penetration • 5,160 t Automotive demand • 50,000 t others (including a net growth of 2% until 2020) • 35,000 t others LIB • 90,160 t total lithium carbonate In both scenarios the demand could be covered by the Salar de Atacama resources.
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Sustainability of world wide resources • Worldwide available resources: 150 million MT LCE • For • Scenario A (10% penetration): reserves will last for 1030 years • Scenario B (10% penetration): reserves will last for 1293 years • Salar de Atacama resources: 31,5 million MT LCE • For • Scenario A (10% penetration): reserves will last for 216 years • Scenario B (10% penetration): reserves will last for 271 years
Estimation of Lithium Carbonate Demand 2020 Future Recycling Potential • Due to an estimated life time of 10 years for a typical car battery effects from recycling will start after that period. • At an expected recycling rate of 50% of the incorporated Lithium (75 - 80 % from chemical pulping plus some extra losses from battery disassembling). • After 2030 we expect an increasing share from recycling.
Chemetall as the leading producer of lithium compounds is committed to expand capacities and to develop tailor-made products in order to satisfy its customer‘s demands.