Phonetics: The Sounds of Language

1. Phonetics: The Sounds of Language CONSONANT SOUNDS

2. Three ways of approaching phonetics: • Articulatory Phonetics: • Physiological mechanism of speech production. • Acoustic Phonetics: • The physical properties of sound waves. • Auditory Phonetics: • Perception of the sounds by the brain.

3. Phonetic Transcription • The best-known system: • The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) • IPA has been developing since 1888. • The system represents each sound of human speech with a single symbol. • The symbol is enclosed in brackets [ ].

4. Places of Articulation

5. Places of Articulation • Bilabial  [p], [b], [m] • Labiodental  [f], [v] • Interdental  [], [] • Alveolar  [t], [d], [s], [z], [], [r], [n]

6. Places of Articulation • Palatal  [], [], [t], [d], [] • Velar  [k], [g], [], [w] • Glottal  [h] So, how many consonant sounds are there in English Language? 24

7. P. 65, Question #5, a-g • Alveolar : Alveolar • Velar : Velar • Bilabial : Velar • Alveolar : Alveolar • Bilabial : Alveolar • Palatal : Palatal • Labiodental : Glottal [s] : [] [k] : [] [p] : [g] [] : [r] [m] : [n] [d] : [] [ f ] : [h]

8. Manner of Articulation • Plosive (Stop): Complete and momentary closure of airflow through the vocal tract. • [p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g] • Nasal: The airflow passes through the nasal passages. • [n], [m], [] • Fricative: Continuous airflow through the mouth. • [f], [], [s], [], [h], [v], [], [z], []

9. Manner of Articulation • Affricate: The stop articulation is released and the tongue moves rapidly away. • [t], [d] • Liquid: Air escapes through the mouth along the lowered sides of the tongue. • [], [r] • Glide: semi-consonants. • [ j ], [w]

10. P. 65, Question #6, a-g [s] : [] [k] : [g] [w] : [ j ] [ f ] : [] [] : [t] [] : [v] [t] : [] Fricative : Fricative Stop : Stop Glide : Glide Fricative : Fricative Liquid : Stop Fricative : Fricative Affricate : Fricative

11. Thank you See you next week