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Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser

Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser. C. Cannon , L. Pedersen , R. Riehle , M. Seman, J. Thomas , S. Thomas, L. Wiencke for the HiRes Collaboration. 2003 ICRC HE 1.3.22 Aug. 2 2003 Tsukuba Japan. Experimental Configuration Laser vs. Air Showers

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Probing the HiRes Aperture near 10 20 eV with a Distant Laser

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  1. Probing the HiRes Aperture near 1020 eV with a Distant Laser C. Cannon, L. Pedersen, R. Riehle, M. Seman, J. Thomas, S. Thomas, L. Wiencke for the HiRes Collaboration 2003 ICRC HE 1.3.22 Aug. 2 2003 Tsukuba Japan

  2. Experimental Configuration Laser vs. Air Showers Cross Check Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth

  3. Terra (Laser) HiRes 1 HiRes 2 35 km

  4. laser Terra Site – Vertical Laser

  5. Laser Parameters Wavelength 355nm Energy 2-6mJ (adjustable) Distance 34km to HiRes 2 22km to HiRes 1 Direction Fixed - Vertical Polarization Random

  6. Probe LASER Laser Beam – polarization measurements Analyzer Random Polarization Depolarizer Linear Polarization

  7. Vertical Laser Shot Fired from Terra as recorded by HiRes2 34 km distant 19km 10km Laser Energy ~3.5mJ

  8. Shower ~30 EeV Terra (Laser) HiRes 1 HiRes 2 How does the laser compare to a shower?

  9. Air Shower HiRes 2 HiRes 1

  10. Air Shower HiRes 2 HiRes 1

  11. 30 EeV Shower

  12. LaserShower Equivalent 4mJ 6x1019 eV 6mJ ~1020 eV

  13. Mean 0.033 Mean 0.04 Under good to moderately hazy conditions, laser is always visible. Triggering efficiency for 4mJ shots begins to drop about 0.15 VAOD We consider “good weather” VAOD <0.01

  14. Compare vertical aerosol optical depth Terra Laser + HiRes2 detector HiRes2 Steerable Laser + HiRes1 detector

  15. T = e-VOD T = e-VOD/sinӨ Ө What is Vertical Optical Depth? VAOD - Vertical Optical Depth of Aerosol Component

  16. Measurement of VAOD SA + SM TA1 TM1 TA2 TM2 Ө2 NgL NgOBS Ө1 LASER DETECTOR Then for

  17. Atmospheric Measurements from Inclined Laser Shots

  18. 60º 45º 12.6 km Laser Detector

  19. HiRes2 detector measuring Terra Laser Track HiRes 1 detector measuring inclined laser track

  20. Conclusion Installed a laser to probe the reach of our HE aperture (34 km Distant) Equivalent light production to a shower of ~6x1019 to 1020 eV Detectors have no trouble seeing this laser under good to acceptable viewing conditions. Aerosol optical depth measured by Terra Laser/HiRes2 correlates with that measured by HR2SLS and HiRes1 detector

  21. Extra Slides

  22. Linearity Scaled by 10% !!!

  23. 60º 45º 12.6 km Laser Detector

  24. Clouds

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