Trouble on the Frontier

1. Trouble on the Frontier The British General Wolfe Dies During the Battle of Quebec

2. Competing Empires • By the middle of the 1700s, England and France have a huge territory in North America that borders along each other • The British are expanding west and it is creating conflict with both the French and Native Americans

3. The French and Indian War • In 1753, the French build forts along the Ohio River Valley to protect their claims against the British • Early battles took place between the French, their Native American allies and the British along the Ohio River Valley • George Washington eventually surrenders and returns to Virginia with the news that France will not back down, war breaks out in 1754 A Young George Washington

4. The Albany Congress • The colonies wanted to protect themselves against the French so colonial leaders met in Albany, New York • They hoped to establish an alliance with the Iroquois but failed • Benjamin Franklin advocated for unity Benjamin Franklin’s Famous Cartoon Published in the Pennsylvania Gazette

5. Albany Plan of Union • Franklin drew up a plan to help protect the colonies called the Albany Plan of Union. The plan called for: • A council of representatives from the colonies • The council would have authority over western settlements • The council could organize armies and collect taxes • The Albany congress approves it, but the colonial assemblies reject the plan

6. The Treaty of Paris • After continuous fighting, the French and Indian War (The 7 Years War) ends with France’s surrender in 1763 after losing Quebec and Montreal • The major effects of the war: • France ceded almost all of its North American territories to Britain (Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi) • Native Americans cannot stop British settlers from moving west • England is left with a huge debt