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Influences on the Italian Renaissance

Influences on the Italian Renaissance. The Black Death The Hundred Years’ War Trade and Commerce Change Town Life The Growth of Italian City-States The Spirit of the Renaissance. The Black Plague. What was the Bubonic plague From 1346 – 1352 killed 1/3 of Europe Pneumonic Bubonic

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Influences on the Italian Renaissance

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  1. Influences on the Italian Renaissance • The Black Death • The Hundred Years’ War • Trade and Commerce Change Town Life • The Growth of Italian City-States • The Spirit of the Renaissance

  2. The Black Plague • What was the Bubonic plague • From 1346 – 1352 killed 1/3 of Europe • Pneumonic • Bubonic • Septicemic

  3. How did the Black Death spread throughout Europe • Originated in Mongolia and spread to Black Sea along Silk Road • Bacteria carried by fleas lived on black rats • Italian merchant ships brought rats to Europe along with trade goods • First appeared in Sicily and eventually spread

  4. How did the Black Death change life in Europe? • Killed one third of the population • Forced farmers to diversify their crops • Peasants revolted and demanded more freedom • Working class moved to cities to earn better wages • Reduced the power of feudal lords

  5. Why couldn’t people stop the spread of the Black Death? • People were ignorant about its cause; they blamed the stars, God’s anger, and the Jews • They tried ineffective cures such as pomanders, flagellation, and repentance of sins

  6. The Hundred Years’ War

  7. How did the war begin? • French king Charles IV died in 1328 with no male heir • Two men attempted to claim the vacant throne • Edward III of England, son-in-law of Charles IV • Philip of Valois, nephew of Charles • English armies attacked France

  8. How did the nature of warfare change? • Longbows eliminated advantages of armor • Cannons could be used to blast holes in castles • Monarchs used armies recruited from common people

  9. Who was Joan of Arc and how did she change the course of the war? • Young French peasant woman who was inspired by God to save France • Convinced Charles VII to let her lead an army against the English in 1429 • Helped push the armies out of central France • Captured, accused of heresy, and burned at the stake in 1431; sainted in 1922

  10. How did the war contribute to the end of feudalism in France? • People became more patriotic, more devoted to the monarch than their feudal lord • Monarchs built huge armies with the taxes they collected, which reduced the power of nobles

  11. The Growth of Italian City-States

  12. How did Florence become the most influential city-state? • Maintained thriving industry in wool and silk trade • Purchased luxury items from the East and sold them for a large profit • Sold insurance to sea traders to protect their overseas investments

  13. How did Florence become the most influential city-state? • Created numerous banks that made loans or exchanged currencies • Medici family promoted trade, banking, the arts, scholarship, and civic pride

  14. Why were Italian city-states rich and powerful? • Had strong ties with Byzantine and Muslim merchants • European monarchs and nobles sought loans from merchants

  15. Why were Italian city-states rich and powerful? • Each city-state specialized in one commercial activity • Milan: metal good and armor • Florence: banking and textiles • Venice: Asian goods

  16. Milan: Metal goods and armor

  17. Florence: banking and textiles

  18. Mr. Benzel’s senior yearbook photo.

  19. Venice: Asian goods

  20. What was the Renaissance and why did it begin in Italy? • Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth;” refers to revival in arts and learning • Period when scholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman culture

  21. What was the Renaissance and why did it begin in Italy? • Italian city-states displayed their wealth by giving financial support to artists who created works with classical themes

  22. The Spirit of the Renaissance

  23. Why People Became Interested in Ancient Culture • Knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome was rediscovered by scholars • The Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around them • Scholars thought ancient Greek and Roman writings would help solve problems

  24. Random Slide

  25. A Fascination with Classical Cultures • Artists used ancients art as models • Donatello created statues that copied the Roman ideal of the human body • Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying ruins in Rome • Revolutionary innovations were made

  26. A Belief in Human Potential: Humanists • Believed each person could achieve great things • Claimed that people educated in the classics could create a better world • Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife

  27. A New Type of Scholar Called a Humanist • Humanists devoted themselves to studying ancient writings • They tried to learn about many subjects such as Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics • Petrarch, a Florentine, was the first great humanist

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