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Technical Seminar on Wireless Markup Language

Technical Seminar on Wireless Markup Language. Sir Padampat Singnania University. Presented By: Dixit Wadhwani B.TECH 3 rd YEAR, CSE 07CS000031. Guided By: Mr. Ajay Prasad Assistant Professor , CSE Dept. Agenda:. WML. Why use WML ? WAP.

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Technical Seminar on Wireless Markup Language

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  1. Technical SeminaronWireless Markup Language Sir PadampatSingnania University Presented By: Dixit Wadhwani B.TECH 3rd YEAR, CSE 07CS000031 Guided By:Mr. Ajay Prasad Assistant Professor , CSE Dept.

  2. Agenda: • WML. • Why use WML ? • WAP. • WML basics • Conclusion • Q & A

  3. What is WML? WML stands for Wireless Mark-up Language and was created in 1998. Before that, there was no standard used specifically for mobile devices. • The language used for WAP • Similar to HTML • Subset of a XML • describes only intent of interaction in an abstract manner • presentation depends upon device capabilities • Current version is WML 2.0

  4. Why use WML when you can use HTML? • When we have one that works for the Web already (HTML) • Why we need WML ? • Internet as it is now, is not well suited to mobile phone. • Is complex. • Takes up too much bandwidth.mobile telephones has a very limited bandwidth • WML has many optimizations for mobile browsers aimed at better usability, low memory consumption, little CPU requirements for the rendering engine. All these elements make it the optimal solution for a mobile device, from a very technical point of view.

  5. What is W@P? • Wireless Application Protocol • WAP Micro Browsers • Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display • Equivalent to Existing Web Browsers • Allows • Text • Images • Hyperlinks • Text Entry

  6. W@P Services & Features Features Services • Banking • Finance • Shopping • Ticketing • Entertainment • Weather • Browsers • Markup language • Script language • Gateway • Server • Protocol Layers

  7. How Does W@P work? HTTP request URL request request Internet WAP Gateway WAP response Communication Tower HTTP response(WML) Mobile phone Web Server

  8. WAP Architecture Client (WAP device) WAP Gateway Web Server CGI Scripts Etc. Encoder And Decoder WAP user agent ISP HTTP Content Protocol Adapter

  9. W@P GATEWAY • The WAP Gateway acts as the bridge between the mobile network, containing mobile clients, and the computer network containing application servers . • Decoder: It translates requests from the WAP request to the HTTP request. • Encoder: converts WML to binarizedWML • Adaptor: provides additional information through HTTP header • Translate requests HTTP and WSP. • Convert between SSL and WTLS • Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

  10. <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>NNN Interactive</TITLE> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="1800, URL=/index.html"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" BACKGROUND="/images/9607/bgbar5.gif" LINK="#0A3990" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#FF0000" TEXT="000000" ONLOAD="if(parent.frames.length!=0)top.location='http://nnn.com';"> <A NAME="#top"></A> <TABLE WIDTH=599 BORDER="0"> <TR ALIGN=LEFT> <TD WIDTH=117 VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT> <WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT"> <GO URL="/submit?Name=$N"/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" KEY="N"/> </CARD> </WML> Internet HTTP/HTML WML Content encoding <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>NNN Interactive</TITLE> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="1800, URL=/index.html"> 010011010011110110010011011011011101010010011010 Why is HTML not enough? Big pipe - small pipe syndrome

  11. WML as compared with HTML

  12. HTML Code <html> <title> About us </title> <body> <br> Hello world </body> </html> WML and HTML WML Code <wml> <card title="AboutUs"> <p align="center" > Hello world<br/> </p> <p align="center" > </p> </card> </wml>

  13. Decks and Cards • The basic unit is a card. Cards are grouped together into Decks Document • All decks must contain • Document prologue • XML & document type declaration • <WML> element • Must contain one or more cards <card id=“card1” title=“DIXIT"> ……………… …………….. <p>hello world </p> …………….. …………….. </card> <card id=“card2” title=“DIXIT"> ……………… …………….. <p>hello world </p> …………….. …………….. </card> <card id=“card3” title=“DIXIT"> ……………… …………….. <p>hello world </p> …………….. …………….. </card>

  14. Basic WML deck structure <?xml version=“1.0”?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “- //WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN” “http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1. xml”> Document Prolog <wml> Start <wml> tag <card id=“card1”> …. </card> card <card id=“card2”> …. </card> Another card </wml> End <wml> tag

  15. Introduction to Tags • Each element or tag has start tag and end tag • <tag>content</tag> • Some tags do not have start and end tag • <tag /> • Some tags have attributes • <tag attribute=“value”> • Spaces, tabs, line breaks between tags are ignored

  16. <wml> • <wml> tag is required for all files. • All cards are located between the <wml> tags. <card> • <wml> deck has at least one card • Content is placed<card>…..</card> tag. • Syntax:<card id=“card1”>content</card> • Id: • id is used when you link this card to another card • Content will contains the text, markups, etc.

  17. Basic features of WML • Text and images • User interaction • Navigation • Context management

  18. Text Formatting • <p></p> Content of cards • <em> Render with emphasis. • <strong> Render with strong emphasis. • <i> Render with an italic font. • <b> Render with a bold font. • <u> Render with underline. • <big> Render with a large font. • <small> Render with a small font.

  19. Graphics and WML • Most micro browsers support only .wbmp graphic files. • .wbmp • Wireless bitmaps • Black & white • There are tools to convert various graphic format to .wbmp before after

  20. User interaction • WML supports different elements for user input. • Examples are: • Text entry control • Input tag syntax: <input /> • Option selection <select> <option></option> </select>

  21. Navigation • Links a text or image to another card or another deck. • <anchor>link</anchor> • <a>link</a> Syntax: <anchor title="label">task text</anchor> <a href="url" title="label"> ...any valid combination of <text>, <br/> and <img> elements </a>

  22. Events • Something that happens at a given place and time. • WML supports events and it provides a tag pair, <onevent></onevent>, for handling events. You can specify an action to be taken whenever an event occurs. Two events are supported in WML. • ontimer -- This event occurs when a timer expires. • onpick-- This event occurs when an item of a selection list is selected or deselected. <onevent type="event_type">  A single task to be done whenever the event occurs</onevent>

  23. Tasks • A task specifies what action to perform when an event occurs. • There are 4 types of tasks in WML. • Go task • Prev task • Noop task • Refresh task Syntax: <onevent type="event_type">  A single task to be done whenever the event occurs</onevent>

  24. Context management • WML allows for saving the state between different decks without server interaction. • Switch from one card to another card. • Set a variable value using setvar command.<setvar name=“x” value=100> • Variable through an input element. Example of WML

  25. Conclusion & Future Of WML • The primary focus of WAP technology is to create a global wireless Internet by bringing services offered by Internet to mobile phone users. • It is certain that one of the most common application of the WML will be m-commerce. • As mobile devices become more powerful, and can process more data. • Much greater support for XHTML on mobile devices. • There are security protocols, such as WTLS, that can facilitate secure transactions.

  26. References and Resources • Books • Learning wml , wmlscript- O-reilly Publisher • WML References – Openwave System Inco. • Official Website (specifications) • http://www.wapforum.org • http://www.w3schools.com/wap/default.asp • http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/ • http://www.developershome.com/wap/wml/wml_tutorial.asp? • http://devguru.com

  27. THANK YOU

  28. Questions ?

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