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Scientific Method

Learn about the Scientific Method, steps involved, variables, experiments, data collection, and lab reports using Cornell note-taking method. Practice with a paper helicopter lab experiment.

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method Use Cornell note taking to write the most important information in this presentation. Use only right page (s)

  2. What is the Scientific Method? • It is a process used to gather information to find answers to questions. • Provides us with an organized method for conducting and analyzing an experiment.

  3. Steps in the Scientific Method • Identify a Problem or a question • Hypothesis • Experiment • Data Collection • Analyze Data • Formulate a Conclusion • Retest • Communicate the Results/ write a lab report

  4. Title The effect of __________ on _________. independent dependent variable variable

  5. Problem or Question (Based on observations) Will ________ affect ________? independent dependent variable variable

  6. Hypothesis • Shows cause and effect • Must be testable • If _______ then ________, independent dependent variable variable because___________. • Predicts an outcome and explains why.

  7. Experiment • A procedure to test the hypothesis.

  8. Scientific Experiments Follow Rules • An experimenter changes one factor (independent variable) andobserves or measures (dependent variable)what happens.

  9. Variables • The factor that is changed is known as the independent variable. • The factor that is measured or observed is called the dependent variable.

  10. Remember: To be a Valid Experiment: • Two groups are required --- the control & experimental groups • There should be only onevariable

  11. What is the Purpose of a Control group? • Control Group is the group NOT being tested, used for COMPARISON • Experimental Group is the group being tested.

  12. Constants • The experimenter makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not effect the outcome. • Everything that stays the same are called control variables or constants.

  13. Repeated # of Trials One more thing… it is best to make several trials with each independent variable.

  14. Data • Results of the experiment • May be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative (descriptive)

  15. Data • Must be organized • Can be organized into charts, tables, or graphs

  16. Conclusion • Did your data support on not support your hypothesis?

  17. Error Analysis-Retest In order to verify the results, experiments must be retested. How can you improve your experiment?

  18. Scientific Method Output (left Page) • Paste into your first left page next to Scientific Method Cornell Notes. • Use your notes to fill in the blanks.

  19. Scientific Method Lab Report (use next Right Page: this will be your example for every lab report in the future) • Title The effect of _______ on ________. • Problem Will __________ affect __________ ? • Hypothesis If ___________ then ____________. • Independent Variable __________ • Dependent Variable __________ • Control Group __________ • Constants __________ • Results Create a table to record data as you collect it during your experiment. Write these two in your left page. • Analysis and Conclusion My hypothesis was/was not supported by my data collected. Explain why or why not. ( 5 sentences) • Error Analysis How can you improve this experiment? Explain how and why you need to do this. (5 sentences)

  20. Helicopter lab You will use your understanding of the scientific method to test any variable you want in a paper helicopter. You will set up a lab report and fill in the necessary information as you come up with it on your own. An example is given in the title. You may use this variable or any other interesting variable you want. Have FUN!!!

  21. Title The effect of _direction of the blades_ on _direction the helicopter spins. Problem Will __________ affect __________ ? Hypothesis If ___________ then ____________. Independent Variable __________ Dependent Variable __________ Control Group __________ Constants __________ Results Create a table to record data as you collect it during your experiment. Write these two in your left page. Analysis and Conclusion My hypothesis was/was not supported by my data collected. Explain why or why not. ( 5 sentences) Error Analysis How can you improve this experiment? Explain how and why you need to do this. (5 sentences)

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