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India Today

India Today. Kashmir. Debate over who Kashmir belongs to Was ruled by Hindu prince, most of population was Muslim Kashmir wants to remain independent India and Pakistan both want the land. Kashmir: The Ceasefire . Debate over Kashmir escalated in violence

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India Today

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  1. India Today

  2. Kashmir • Debate over who Kashmir belongs to • Was ruled by Hindu prince, most of population was Muslim • Kashmir wants to remain independent • India and Pakistan both want the land

  3. Kashmir: The Ceasefire • Debate over Kashmir escalated in violence • United Nations stepped in to call for a ceasefire • Divided Kashmir between India and Pakistan • The result appeased no one • Pakistan wants a vote, India does not • Fighting continues • India believes Pakistan is funding Kashmir rebels

  4. Hot Topics Grow Hotter • Both India and Pakistan cultivated nuclear programs • International community called for de-escalation • Religious strife in both countries keep things tense between the two • Attacks on Mumbai suspected to trace back to a Pakistan-based organization

  5. Environmental Issues • Pollution • Building dams • Destroying wildlife • Damaging farmland • Deforestation • Chipko movement • Modernization process destroying natural resources

  6. Farming • Heart of many countries economy • ¾ live in rural areas (70%) • Most provide just enough for their families • Getting better • Poor transportation hurts distribution • Outdated farming methods • Bullock drawn plows • Monsoons • Arrive to late or early • Too much or too little • Much of the land still lacks enough water • Green Revolution (1960s) increased farming productivity

  7. Overpopulation • July 2008 estimate: 1,147,995,904 • Disease and infant mortality have decreased • Population grows faster than food supply • Not enough jobs, schools, housing • Government supporting family planning • “A Small Family Is A Happy Family”

  8. Poverty • Over half the population is still incredibly poor • About one-third lives in poverty • Rural areas often cut off from cities • ¾ of the people live in rural areas

  9. Modernizing Village Life • Half of the Indian villages do not have electricity and only a some have running water • Still unequal treatment of boys and girls • But they are growing • Schools, clinics, telephones, movies, TVs • Roads, buses • Better health care

  10. India’s Appeal to Western Business • Most people speak English • Important in global market • U.S. companies invest • World’s largest democracy • Laws and familiarity • Sets it apart from China

  11. The Middle Class • Rapidly growing • More than 150 Million people • Repatriatization • Leave India for better opportunities in 1970s and 1980s • Now returning and building economy • Businesses helping to provide opportunities for other Indians

  12. Education • At its independence, literacy rate was 10% • >1/2 the children went to school • ~80% today attend school, 52% literacy rate • School is technically mandatory for children under 14 • Still subject to values (boys go more than girls, rich go more than poor) • Literacy is higher among men, and among upper castes

  13. Growing Industries • Used to import most of their goods • Trying to be less dependent • Producing more and more goods • Textile • Consumer goods • See three types of industries • Cottage • Families produce goods in their own homes • Add to the farming income • Provide jobs for villagers • Make goods like woven fabrics, pottery, brassware, jewelry, leather goods • Privately owned small industries • Employs fewer then 100 workers • Simple machinery • Make goods like bicycle parts, shoes carpets • Large scale industries • For example mining, iron and steel • Can be privately or government owned

  14. The Power of Choice • Opened economy to foreign trade • Nehru set up a socialist economy • “Emperors of Choice” • Cutting Monopolies • Airlines • Appliances • Television channels

  15. Divisive Forces • Caste System • Government trying to open doors; providing government jobs for lower castes or untouchables • Resistance from upper classes • But what about my job? • Cultural Diversity • Ethnic separatists • Sikh Separatism • Religious minority who wants a separate state • Hindu-Muslim Clashes

  16. Bollywood! • Most movies in India are musicals • Musical television caught on quickly • Music video countdowns usually clips from Bollywood movies • Half the Indian population is under 20 • TV companies starting up by non television businesses • Growing by 30%-40% per year

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