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Semester Review

Semester Review. Chapter 8 Concepts. Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan Federalists vs. Anti Federalists. Articles of Confederation. Purpose: to create a government after the Revolutionary War Effect:

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Semester Review

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  1. Semester Review

  2. Chapter 8 Concepts • Articles of Confederation • Northwest Ordinance • New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan • Federalists vs. Anti Federalists

  3. Articles of Confederation • Purpose: • to create a government after the Revolutionary War • Effect: • weak, did not hold states together, led to Constitutional Convention

  4. Northwest Ordinance • Purpose: • Establish a process for creating new states in new territory • How it worked: • Once territory had 5,000 free adult males=form a legislature • Once territory had 60,000 people=could apply for statehood

  5. New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan: • Legislative branch would have only 1 house with equal representation • Virginia Plan • Legislative branch would have 2 houses both based on population • The Great Compromise • Legislative branch has 2 houses one based on population (H of R) and one equal representation (Senate)

  6. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Federalists • Wanted strong central government, money over land, supported by rich • People: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay • Federalists Papers: written to encourage people to accept Constitution • Anti-Federalists • Feared strong central government, states’ rights, land over money, supported by farmers • People: Thomas Jefferson

  7. Chapter 9 Concepts • Legislative, Executive, Judicial • Checks and Balances • Passing a Bill • People

  8. Legislative (Congress) • House of Representatives (435) and Senate (100) • Power to make laws • Other powers: declare war, coin money, set up postal system • Elected by: popular vote within state

  9. House of Representatives • 25 years old • Citizen for 7 years • Live in state they represent • 2 year term • All bills that deal with money must start here

  10. Senate • 30 years old • Citizen for 9 years • Live in state they represent • 6 year term • Hold trials for impeachment

  11. Executive • Enforce the laws • Head of Executive: President • 35 years old • Natural born citizen • Lived in US for 14 years • Cabinet • Electoral College • 270 to win • Wisconsin=10

  12. Judicial • Interpret the laws • Highest Court: Supreme Court • District • Court of Appeals • 9 Supreme Court Justices • Appointed by president, approved by senate

  13. Checks and Balances

  14. Passing a Bill • Start in either house or senate • Committee to subcommittee • Discuss bill on floor • Senate=filibuster • Passes one house goes to other • If passed president can=sign or veto • Veto can be overridden by ¾ majority vote in both houses

  15. People • President: Obama • Senators: Tammy Baldwin, Ron Johnson • US Representative: Gwen Moore • Wisconsin State Senator: Alberta Darling

  16. Chapter 10 Concepts • Bill of Rights • Secured certain rights people had • Speech, press, right to bear arms, due process etc

  17. Chapter 11 Concepts • Whiskey Rebellion • Election of 1800 • Alien and Sedition Acts • Loose vs. Strict Construction

  18. Whiskey Rebellion • Congress passes bill that taxes luxury items including whiskey • Farmers refuse to pay • Washington leads 13,000 militia to end rebellion

  19. Election of 1800 • Adams (Federalists) vs. Jefferson (D-R) vs. Burr (D-R) • Tie between Jefferson and Burr • Hamilton supports Jefferson • 12th Amendment

  20. Alien and Sedition Acts • Extended time it took to become citizen • Limited what was allowed to be written about government • Designed to keep Federalists in power • John Adams

  21. Loose vs. Strict Construction • If Constitution didn’t say you could do it, you can’t (Loose, Jefferson) • If Constitution didn’t say you couldn’t do it, you can (Strict, Hamilton) • National Bank, power of federal government

  22. Chapter 12 Concepts • Jay’s Treaty • XYZ Affair • Embargo Act • War of 1812 • Monroe Doctrine

  23. Jay’s Treaty • British in Ohio Valley • John Jay creates treaty that has British leave territory • France is upset US made treaty with British

  24. XYZ Affair • French impressing ships • Adams sends representatives to negotiate treaty • French refuse to listen until tribute paid • Adams refuses tribute, tensions rise

  25. Embargo Act • Jefferson passes hoping to end impressments • No trade allowed between European nations • Huge failure

  26. War of 1812 • Causes: • Impressment of sailors • Seizing US ships • British give Native American weapons • Key Events: • Invasion of Canada=fail • Washington burned (White House, Madison) • Battle of New Orleans (Jackson) • Treaty of Ghent

  27. Monroe Doctrine • Latin America revolutions in Mexico and South America • President Monroe declares that North and South America are free/independent nations, any attack on those nations is an attack on the US

  28. Chapter 14 • Indian Removal Act • Trail of Tears

  29. Indian Removal Act • Indian tribes could negotiate treaties to relocate • Jackson ends up forcing removal of tribes in South • Trail of Tears • Cherokee tribes forced to march hundreds of miles from Florida/Georgia to territory in West (Oklahoma) • Thousands die on the way

  30. Chapter 15 Concepts • LA Purchase • Lewis and Clark

  31. LA Purchase • Causes: • US wanted European power out of North America • France needed money to finance war with Britain • Haiti lost, France no need for LA territory • Manifest Destiny (right/duty to expand across NA) • Effects: • US x2 in size • Resources • Lewis and Clark

  32. Lewis and Clark • Expedition to map new territory • Maps, detailed journal about resources in territory, contact with Natives • Opened up expansion in New Territory

  33. Chapter 19 Concepts • North • South

  34. North • Geography: rocky, good coast, some good farmland, cold winters, hot summers • Economy: based on business and industry, a variety of jobs • Transportation: railroads very important, man made canals • Society: free, African-Americans not equal, variety of people, immigrants

  35. South • Geography: flat farm land, rivers, longer growing seasons • Economy: based on farming, plantations, few factories • Transportation: used rivers, few railroads • Society: three tier society, slaves

  36. Chapter 21 Concepts • Wilmot Proviso • Missouri Compromise • Compromise of 1850 • Lincoln-Douglas debates • Dred Scott • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Harper’s Ferry

  37. Wilmot Proviso • An amendment that proposed the outlaw of slavery in land gained in Mexican War (Mexican Cession) • Failed

  38. Missouri Compromise • Missouri slave state, Maine free state, 36 30 line (above free, below slave) • Henry Clay

  39. Compromise of 1850 • California free, Utah and New Mexico popular sovereignty, slave trade ended in DC • Fugitive Slave Law • Southerners could retrieve runaways in North • Northerners had to help • Those who helped slaves would be jailed

  40. Lincoln-Douglas debates • Lincoln, slavery a moral issue, “A house divided”, all slave or all free • Made Lincoln very popular

  41. Dred Scott • Slave sues for freedom using Missouri Compromise • Went to Wisconsin (free) with master and lived for a while • Supreme Court rules (Roger Taney): • African American not a citizen, could not sue • Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, 5th amendment (property)

  42. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Douglas wanted railroad through Kansas-Nebraska territory • Gave these two territories popular sovereignty • Northerners and Southerners flock there • Bleeding Kansas

  43. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Exposed horrors of slavery • Fueled abolitionist movement

  44. Harper’s Ferry • John Brown attacks federal arsenal hoping to arm slaves for a rebellion in the South; fails • Hanged for treason, viewed as hero in North • South fear more rebellions

  45. Chapter 22 Concepts • Anaconda Plan • North vs. South • Technology • Battles/Places • People

  46. Anaconda Plan • Blockade southern ports • Seize Mississippi and cut confederacy in two • Seize Richmond • Wanted to suffocate economy

  47. North vs. South • North • Had to force South to surrender • Much more resources, people and railroads • Weaker generals, more difficult outcome • South • Defend territory, quick big victory or drag out war • Strong generals, home field advantage • Fewer resources, suffer from damages of total war • Both though war would be over quick

  48. Technology • Guns • Telegraph • Railroad • Ironclads • Photography

  49. Battles/places • Bull Run • Stonewall Jackson • Antietam • Bloodiest single day • Gettysburg • Turning point for north • New Orleans • Gain Mississippi, cut off trade to south • Vicksburg • Full control of Mississippi for North • Sherman’s March to the Sea • Capture supply depots in South, massive destruction (total war), helped Lincoln • Appomattox Courthouse • Surrender of Lee to Grant

  50. People • Jefferson Davis: President of Confederacy • Northern Generals • McClellan (first northern general) • Grant • Sherman • Southern Generals • Lee • Jackson

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