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How we learn from experience

How we learn from experience. Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box. KW 13-3. Pursuit rotor. KW 13-6. Verbal Memory. Remember the following letters PBSFOXBETABCCBSMTVNBC. Recall as many letters as you can. Verbal Memory. Remember the following letters

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How we learn from experience

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  1. How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia

  2. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

  3. Pursuit rotor KW 13-6

  4. Verbal Memory • Remember the following letters • PBSFOXBETABCCBSMTVNBC

  5. Recall as many letters as you can

  6. Verbal Memory • Remember the following letters • PBS FOX BET ABC CBS MTV NBC

  7. Recall as many letters as you can

  8. Memory: Declarative vs Procedural Declarative-the ability to state a memory in words: ABOUT THINGS Example: Remembering your mother’s maiden name. Procedural-the development of motor skills: HOW TO DO THINGS Example: Riding a bicycle. Episodic – life experiences; biographic details of own life; Example: HS graduation ceremony

  9. Memory: Explicit vs Implicit Explicit-deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory Conscious use of memory Example: taking a multiple choice test. Implicit-the influence of recent experience on behavior, even if one does not realize that one is using memory Unconcious or unintended influences on memory Example: ethnic facial preferences

  10. Please read the following words silently to yourself • Spring • Winter • Car • Boat

  11. Please read the following words silently to yourself • Trip • Tumble • Run • Sun

  12. Please write down a defintion for the following word • Fall

  13. Short-term and Long-term Memory Short-term-events that have just occurred Long-term-events from previous times Memories that stay in short-term memory long enough are consolidated into long-term memory

  14. Memory Model Rehearsal Long Term Short Term or Working Sensory registers Consolidation Retrieval Loss Loss

  15. Short term memory task KW 13-13

  16. Working Memory Defined-the way we store information while working with it or attending to it Components Phonological loop-stores auditory info Visuospatial sketchpad-stores visual info Central executive-directs attention toward one stimulus or another

  17. Action and Color Words Kw 13-7

  18. Memory Areas

  19. Amnesia Test Today New Home 2001 Car crash HS graduation June 2000 High School Prom 1999

  20. Hippocampus and Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia-loss of memories for events that happen after brain damage Retrograde Amnesia-loss of memories that occurred shortly before brain damage

  21. Boxing Blows

  22. Case of H.M. • Most studied person in psychology • Most important case study • H.M. had severe epilepsy in temporal lobes • William Scoville, neurosurgeon at Hartford Hospital operated on HM in 1953 • Removed ventral tips of temporal lobes

  23. HM’s Brain Both sides KW 13-8

  24. HM’s Temporal Lobes

  25. Effects on HM • Recall events from childhood • Can engage in conversations • Good semantic memory • Cannot recall events that have just happened • Cannot recall any new facts • Cannot remember new faces

  26. Memory Model Rehearsal Long Term Short Term or Working Sensory registers Consolidation Retrieval Loss Loss

  27. What is HM’s deficit • Anterograde Amnesia for declarative memory: fact, events, people. • No concept of amount of time that has passed. • Still shows procedural memory: new tasks. • Some implicit memory: realizes that his parents have died.

  28. Temporal Lobe Memory Areas

  29. Memory circuits KW 13-10

  30. Emotional Memory Circuit KW 13-16

  31. Korsakoff’s Syndrome Korsakoff’s Syndrome- brain damage caused by long-term thiamine deficiency (both retrograde and anterograde amnesia)

  32. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease- severe memory loss associated with aging Amyloid beta protein accumulates in the brain and impairs neuron function Plaques Tangles

  33. Alzheimer’s Disease KW p. 504

  34. How does learning happen? Function and structural changes

  35. Changes in Function • Existing brain cells • Donald Hebb (1904-1985) • Existing circuits start reverberatory circuits • Eventually form cell assemblies • Cell assemblies are memories

  36. Enriched Environment Creating novel circuits over time KW p. 514

  37. Cortex changes in experience Glial Blood KW 13-20

  38. Changes in motor cortex KW 13-21

  39. Memory • Anterograde: malfunction in memory consolidation • Retrograde: loss of “permanent” memories most likely cell death on cortex End

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