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INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER. Kateřina Hambálková and Lukáš Čapka. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER. Protection of underground water fall within act n. 254/2001 digest water act.

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INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER

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  1. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Kateřina Hambálková and Lukáš Čapka

  2. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Protection of underground waterfall within act n. 254/2001 digest water act. Updating: 1. 1. 2003 („euronovel“) – act n. 20/2004 digest., modification of water act. Purpose of the law: – preserve surface and underground waters – regulate terms for: – economy exploitage water sources – preservation and improvement of quality of surface and underground waters

  3. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER – create terms for dispraise adverse reactions floods and dry – conduce to protection of water ecosystems and directly depending overland ecosystems

  4. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Underground water: – water naturally incident below the Earth'sinzone saturation directcontact with minerals –underground watersare alsowatersflowing throuht drainage systemsandwatersinwater wells Formation of the underground water: – accumulation of the underground water in the section of minerals with high permeability, which allows water to take off or flowing of underground water

  5. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Types of the underground water: – water in pores: shallow water, that flows throught pits of unconsolidated minerals – water in cracks: deep water,that flows throught the systems of cracks in the consolidated minerals – springs: natural outlets of the underground water to the surface

  6. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Influence of nitrates on environment – contamination of the underground water by nitrates is one indicator of destabilization of ecosystem – destruction of natural biogeochemical cyclus due to hight entry of nitrogene into an ecosystem – accumulation of nitrates in soil has several results: – oversaturation of the ecosystem by nitrogene, whenthe ecosystem is not able to spend all nitrogene by biological processes – negative activity of the nitrogen – acidification of the environment

  7. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Influence of nitrogens on underground water: – the biggest nitrogen‘s source in underground water are agricultural fertilizers – over 16 % of shallow wells and 13 % springssurpass the standard for maximum nitrogens content in drinking water – standard for maximum nitrogens content in drinking water is: 50 mg/l

  8. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Treatment of natural water to drinking water: ČSN 75 7214 Natural water for treatment to drinking water A: request only desinfection, or sand filtration, de-ironing etc. B: request simple treatment – coagulating filtration + desinfection C: request two- or multistage treatment (clarification, sorption, oxidation, etc. + desinfection) D: not suitable for treatment

  9. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Influence of nitrogens for organism: – nitrogensstart in bodychain of chemical reaktions, thatleadto formingnitritesandnitrosamines – especially young children are very sensitive for this compounds andmore amount can inflict nitrogencyanose, thatcanbe deadly – nitrosaminesare carcinogenic

  10. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Separation of nitrogen fertilizers: ammoniacal: – ammonium nitrate: NH4NO3 – ammonium sulphate: (NH4)2SO4 nitrate (saltpeters): – sodium nitrate: NaNO3 – potassium nitrate: KNO3 – calcium nitrate: Ca(NO3)2 – magnesium-calcium nitrate: Mg(NO3)2 + (CaNO3)2

  11. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER amides: – urea: CO(NH2)2 – calcium cyanamide: CaCN2 – in present time amides, especially urea are the most frequently used among nitrogen fertilizers

  12. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Dictionary: fertilizer – hnojivo water sources – vodní zdroje well – studna unconsolidated – nezpevněný oversaturation – přesycení treatment - úprava clarification – čeření

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