Unit 3 – Westward Expansion

1. Unit 3 – Westward Expansion Ms. Papakostas

2. Bell Ringer • Try to fill in as many states as possible on the blank map of the United States. • Discussion • Which states did most people know? • Which were hard to remember? • Which states were the first to become part of the US? Which came most recently? • How did all of this land become part of the US? • Did the US get it ethically? Why or why not?

3. “Land Grab” Article • What treaties, purchases and acquisitions does Mr. Brookhiser mention in his first paragraph? • What rank doe the US hold when it comes to nations’ land mass? • What does Mr. Brookhiser mean when he says that the dynamics of American character were set during the colonial times? • What does the author mean when he says that Indians, Spain and Mexico “stood in the way”? What does this wording imply? • What do you think are the most interesting of the “interesting people and facts” that Brookhiser discusses in the third paragraph? Why? • What does Mr. Brookhiser mean when he says that “America’s expansion was full of contingency”? What supporting examples does he give?

4. Territorial Acquisitions • You will fill in the US Territorial Acquisition map with your group using the textbook: • What current states are included in this territory? • Who occupied this land before the government of the United States acquired it? • When, why and how did the United States government acquire this land? Be as specific as possible. • Which people were instrumental in acquiring this territory? • Which people were instrumental in selling or fighting for and losing this territory? • You will present your findings tomorrow.

5. US Territorial Acquisitions Ceded by GB, 1818 Oregon Territory Louisiana Purchase Mexican Cession Ceded by GB, 1783 Texas Annexation Gasden Purchase Spanish Cession

6. Ceded by GB, 1783 • Received in the Treaty of Paris which ended the American Revolution. • Contains the Northwest Territory (North of the Ohio River, East of the Mississippi) • Territory of the current states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi.

7. Louisiana Purchase • Land west of the Mississippi River bought from France in 1803, doubling the size of the US. • Important people involved: Napoleon, lost hope of rebuilding western empire after Haiti revolted. Thomas Jefferson, struggled with the constitutionality of the purchase. • States included in this territory: Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana

8. Ceded by GB, 1818 • Small chunk of land was given to the US when the northern border of the US was established at the 49th parallel. This occurred after the War of 1812. • Important people include: James Madison, Andrew Jackson, helped to achieve victory over the British during the Battle of New Orleans. • States included are Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota

9. Spanish Cession, 1819 • Spain negotiated borders with the US. In this negotiation, US gave up claim to Texas and New Mexico Territory. Spain gave up claim to Oregon Territory and allowed US to purchase Florida. • Important people: John Quincy Adams; Louis de Onis • States included: Florida, Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana

10. Texas Annexation • Texas was annexed in 1845 after it had won independence from Mexico. • Important people involved: Sam Houston, launched rebellion that led to independence for Texas; Gen. Antonio Santa Anna, leader of Mexico; James K. Polk, strongly fought for the annexation of Texas in the US • States included: Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and portion of Kansas

11. Oregon Territory • When it was time to renew treaty b/w US and GB regarding Oregon Territory, GB allowed the US to take control up to the 49th parallel. • Important people: James K. Polk, argued that US had rights to control territory up to 54°40’N (giving to the slogan 54-40 or fight); GB gave territory up to US to preserve friendly trading terms. • States included: Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming and Washington

12. Mexican Cession • Obtained after the Mexican-American War in 1848. • Important people: James K. Polk, incited the fight between US and Mexico; Gen. Winfield Scott, forced Mexico to surrender. • States included in territory: California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and Nevada

13. Gasden Purchase • Land purchased from Mexico in 1853 for $10 Million to determine a firm border b/w US and Mexico • Important People: Pres. Franklin Pierce, James Gasden • States included: southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico

14. Primary Sources • With a partner, you will examine the primary sources on the next slide to determine what the common theme, or big idea, is regarding what we are discussing.

15. What do these all have in common? Mormon Exodus

16. Motivations for Moving West • Adventure/jobs – Many Mountain men/Fur traders explored the deep wilderness of the Frontier. Gave us the first information of the West. Others moved west in search of railroad jobs. • Land – Homestead Act (160 acres), Morrill Land-Grant Act (used to fund agricultural colleges), Oklahoma Land Rush • Religion – Mormons moved west after persecution in other states. Brigham Young led the Mormons to present-day Utah. • Gold – Gold and silver were huge draws to the west. Gold Rush of 1849 sent thousands to California. Comstock Lode (silver) in 1859 sent thousands to Nevada.

17. Assignment • In a paragraph, explain why people wanted to move west. • Be sure to include examples.