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Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion. Key Questions . Why move west? Resources that will help our economy grow. How does the movie Avatar compare to the white/Indian interaction? How does it differ? No, we are not watching Avatar. Clash of Cultures (Frontier).

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Westward Expansion

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  1. Westward Expansion

  2. Key Questions • Why move west? • Resources that will help our economy grow. • How does the movie Avatar compare to the white/Indian interaction? How does it differ? • No, we are not watching Avatar.

  3. Clash of Cultures (Frontier) • Gold, Cattle, and Farming forced Indian culture to clash with white prospectors and the Railroad. • Native Americans did not believe in land ownership. • White Americans however believed that it was man’s destiny to settle and improve land so that they may make their stake in America. • Native Americans needs a small fraction of land in comparison to one white man. (100 acres)

  4. “Indian Problem” • Extermination • Relocation • Reservation • Assimilation • All were tried during the clash of Native Americans and the Whites

  5. Cultures Clash on the Prairie • The discovery of gold drew tens of thousands of miners to the west and led to the growth of mining camps and frontier towns

  6. Cultures Class • Gold, Cattle, and Farming forced Indian culture to clash with white prospectors and the Railroad. • Sand Creek Massacre • Bozeman Trail • Treaty of Fort Laramie • Red River War • Battle of Little Big Horn • Wounded Knee

  7. Culture Clash on the Prairie

  8. Culture Clash on the Prairie

  9. Culture Clash on the Prairie • Custer led 200 soldiers against what turned out to be 2,000-3,000 Indian Warriors. Within 20 minutes, Custer and all his men were killed.

  10. Cultures Clash on the Prairie • To formalize the policy of assimilation (Americanization) of Native Americans by teaching them to desire property and to farm.

  11. Assimilation! Yikes!

  12. Cultures Clash on the Prairie • Wounded Knee Creek: The Seventh Cavalry rounded up 340 starving, freezing Sioux and demanded their weapons. After one warrior fired his rifle, soldiers used cannons to slaughter 300 Indians • The end of Indian/White conflict

  13. What you didn’t cover… • Cattle Becomes Big Business • The cowboy way of life was attributed to the Mexican vaquero. • Cowboys were not in great demand until the railroad came to the west. • Demand for beef created cattle trails and cow towns. • Overgrazing of the land, extended bad weather , and the invention of barbed wire were largely responsible to the decline of the open range and the cowboy.

  14. Cattle Trails and the Railroads

  15. Settling on the Great Plains • Land Grants: Railroads sold land to farmers at low rates and recruited Europeans to buy and farm frontier land.

  16. Settling the Great Plains • Laws passed in 1870: The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who would cultivate it for five years; similar acts offered land for cheap or for free in Oklahoma and Kansas.

  17. Settling the Great Plains • Inventions: Increased farm productivity by decreasing the amount of effort and time required to produce farm goods.

  18. 1847 McCormick Reaper

  19. Barbed Wire

  20. Settling the Great Plains • Morrill and Hatch Acts: Supported farmers by financing agricultural education and research in farm technology and methodology

  21. Settling the Great Plains • Hardships: • Bad weather (Droughts, Floods, blizzards) • Fires • Locust plagues • Raids by outlaws and Native Americans • Providing enough food and shelter • Living in dugouts and soddies • Self-sufficient for clothing and medical care • Physical hardships of farm work • Financial problems (debt, bankruptcy, fluctuating prices, rising cost of shipping and equipment)

  22. Expansionism

  23. American Imperialism • Imperialism- policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territory

  24. Setting the tone for American Imperialism: the current situation.

  25. Monroe Doctrine: western hemisphere could not be colonized by European powers (1823)

  26. Manifest Destiny- divine right to expand West

  27. Global Competition in Africa and Asia:

  28. Industrial Revolution increased productivity

  29. Reasons for Imperialism in America Essential Question?--Why did the US seek and acquire new territories and expand its area, influence, and power during the period?

  30. 1. Desire for Military Strength • Alfred T. Mahan—wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

  31. Urged U.S. to build a Navy

  32. Urged U.S. build the Panama Canal

  33. Urged U.S. to obtain Pacific Naval bases to gain access to China

  34. 2. Thirst for New Market • U.S. needed raw materials to continue to produce goods • As a result of a surplus of agricultural and manufactured goods, new markets were needed for trade • Foreign trade was considered the only solution to American over-production, unemployment, and economic depression (1893)

  35. Social Darwinism- belief in survival of the fittest due to racial superiority U.S. responsibility to spread Christianity and Civilized ways to inferior people 3. Belief in Cultural Superiority

  36. Imperialism Examples • How and why was the territory obtained or opened? • Opening of Japan- military (1853) • Opening of Japan • Annexation of Hawaii- political (1896) • Hawaii • Purchasing of Alaska- economic (1868) • Purchasing Alaska • How has imperialism in these areas benefitted the United States today?

  37. Focus Question • What is the definition of imperialism? Why did America choose to become imperialistic? List and explain America’s first three imperial pursuit.

  38. Main Idea • The Spanish American War demonstrated America’s expansionism. It left the nation with an overseas empire and made the United States a leading world power.

  39. Spanish American War video Spanish American War

  40. American interest in Cuba

  41. Cubans rebellion peaks American interest • Jose Marti- destroys American property in order to encourage US involvement. • American interest were caught in the cross fire of the rebellion

  42. Valeriano Weyler: concentration camps

  43. Spanish Misrule: Yellow Journalism

  44. Yellow Journalism and the Maine • William Randolph Hearst: “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” • Yellow Journalism: sensationalizing the news in order to sell papers or achieve an agenda

  45. War with Spain! April 20 1898

  46. War with Spain! (Philippines)

  47. Naval Blockade of Cuba

  48. Havana Cuba

  49. The Spanish American War highlighted poor military preparedness. As a result of the SAW the United States overhauled the US military and improved standards for future global conflicts.

  50. Charge of Kettle Hill and the Rough Riders

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