Capitalization

1. Capitalization 7th Grade

3. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 1: Capitalize the first word of every sentence. • optical illusions amaze me. • many artists enjoy creating illusions • da vinci was a master illusionist.

4. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 2: Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. • mr.swatek said, “did you see that illusion?” • “the dots disappeared,” the students replied.

5. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 3: When a “” is interrupted by explanatory words, don’t capitalize the second part of the sentence! • “do you,” mr.swatek said, “see that?” • “jim and jon,” said riley, “are late!”

6. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 3 (continued) • “the day is over,” the teacher said. “let’s go home.” • “try to forget,” he said. “it will be better tomorrow.

7. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 4: Do not capitalize an indirect quotation! It is often introduced by the word that. • John said that he didn’t care about the test. • Mary read that there were twelve people missing that day.

8. Sentences, Quotes, Letter Parts • Rule 5:Capitalize the first word in the salutation and closing of a letter. • dear mr.swatek, • yours truly,

9. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 1: Capitalize names and initials. • danswatek • william f gates • j.r.r. tolkien • c.s. lewis

10. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 2: Capitalize a title or abbreviation of a title used before or instead of a name. • mr.swatek • general lee • senator timjohnson • Did coach say run five more minutes?

11. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 2 (cont): Don’t capitalize a title that is after a name or used as a common noun. • clark was promoted to captain. • bush, the president, is almost out of office. • the doctor pinched my nerve.

12. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 3: Capitalize academic degrees that follow a person’s name. • Vicki Walker, m.d. • Jerry Sweeny, ph.d. • Jimmy John Jones, esq.

13. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 3 (cont): Don’t forget Jr. & Sr.! • bobby turner jr. • luke duke sr.

14. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 4: Words that show family relationships. • Used as titles • Substitutes a person’s name. • In 1982 father and mother moved to the dakotas. • They moved to be closer to grandma. • uncle gary lived in montana. • Aunt dorothy was still in oregon with her husband.

15. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 4 (cont): Don’t capitalize family relationship words when after a possessive noun or pronoun. • my cousin anna lives in georgia. • does your uncle live around here? • what about your aunt?

17. Capitalizing Names and Titles • Rule 5: Capitalize I !!! • i rule. • i am the greatest. • i don’t smell bad. • No one is greater than i. • And gosh darnit. People like me.

18. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 1: Capitalize names of cities, counties, states, countries, and continents. • Chicago • Mexico • Cook County • South Dakota

19. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 2: Capitalize names of bodies of water and other geographical features. • Atlantic Ocean • Hudson Bay

20. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 3: Capitalize the names of sections of the country. • Midwest • the Southwest • New England

21. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 4: Capitalize compass points when they refer to a specific section of the country. • the East Coast • the South • the Northeast

22. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 4 (cont): Do not capitalize compass points when they are used to give direction. • Mexico is south of San Diego. • Elk Point is north of Sioux City.

23. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 5: Capitalize the names of streets and highways. • Main Street • Hollywood Freeway

24. Capitalizing Names of Places • Rule 6: Capitalize the names of specific buildings, bridges, and monuments. • Washington Monument • Empire State Building • Mount Rushmore

25. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 1: Capitalize all important words in the name of clubs, organizations, businesses, institutions, and political parties. • Girl Scouts • University of South Dakota • Dairy Queen

26. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 2: Capitalize brand names but not the nouns following them. • Townhouse crackers • Snicker bar

27. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 3: Capitalize all important words in the names of important historical events, periods of time, and documents. • Constitution • World War II

28. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 4: Capitalize the names of days of the week, months of the year, and holidays. Do NOT capitalize names of the seasons. • Monday • August • Christmas • spring

29. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 5: Always capitalize the first and last words of the titles of songs, films, television series, magazines, and newspapers. • Beauty and the Beast • Time magazine

30. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 6: Capitalize the names of ethnic groups, nationalities, and languages. • Native American • Canadian • Spanish

31. Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives • Rule 7: Capitalize all proper adjectives, including those formed from names of ethnic groups and nationalities. • Native American crafts • Mexican art

32. Examples • 1. mr. lopez asked, “when do we celebrate the birthday of martin luther king jr.?” • 2. “i hope that i am elected treasurer,” said clarice, “so that i can help this organization save money.” • 3. “most big cities grew because they were close to water or railroads,” explained ms.bailey. “for example, St. Louis grew because of its proximity to the Mississippi River.”

33. Examples • 4. The speaker said that john muir, the famous conservationist, moved to the Sierras as a young man. • 5. “we will use our new computer program to create a newsletter,” said ali. • 6. aunt alana and uncle martin helped father plant a garden this spring. • 7. president john q. adams was the son of the second president, john adams.