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Data Communications

Data Communications. Overview. Definition of Program. Mission Improve ATO efficiency Enhancing productivity of controllers Increase NAS capacity BY Enabling advanced operations to reduce resource needs Enhance air traffic safety Reducing communications errors related to voice

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Data Communications

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  1. Data Communications Overview

  2. Definition of Program • Mission Improve ATO efficiency Enhancing productivity of controllers Increase NAS capacityBY Enabling advanced operations to reduce resource needs Enhance air traffic safety Reducing communications errors related to voice • Data Communications provides: • Two-way data between controllers, automation and flight crews • Safety-of-flight air traffic control clearances, instructions, traffic flow management, flight crew requests and reports • Automation enhancements for ATC message generation and exchange • Communications link carrying data between aircraft and air traffic managers • NextGen requires Data Communications • Necessary to transition Agency from voice based ATC comm system to data centric NextGen

  3. Network Data Comm CONOPS ARTCCS Trajectory Based Operations High Performance Airspace TRACONS TOWERS WX Reroutes Clearances Time Based Metering Pilot Downlink Fix Tailored Arrivals / CDAs ARTCCs VDL-2 VDL-2 User Flight Operations Control TOWER ATCSCC TRACONs Taxi Instructions Digital ATIS Departure Clearance Global Harmonization, Enhanced Safety, Increased Capacity

  4. Today: Voice Comm Drives Controller Workload Single-channel Communications • High communication tasking for radar controller • Restricted team coordination • Limited contribution of added positions and new technologies Radar Controller Tracker Controller Radar Assistant Controller Limited Sector Productivity LIMITED CAPACITY Restricted Sector Capacity

  5. Tomorrow: Evolved Sector with Data Comm Data Comm Data Comm Data Comm Multi-channel Communications • Low voice tasking for radar controller • Extensive team coordination • Synergistic effect of advanced decision support tools and automation Radar Controller Tracker Controller / Automation Radar Assistant Controller / Automation Enhanced Sector Productivity Advanced Decision Support Tools Enhanced Sector Capacity HIGH CAPACITY

  6. Evolution of the Air Traffic Clearance TODAY:VOICE ONLY Controller: “Continental 2316 I have a revision to your routing due to weather advise when ready to copy.”Pilot: “Continental 2316 Ready to copy.” Controller: “Continental 2316 Cleared to Raleigh Durham via when able proceed direct to Palm Beach, Vero Beach, Orlando J53 Jacksonville rest of route unchanged.Pilot: [Reads back clearance.] TOMORROW: DATA COMM ATC

  7. Time 09:04:56 Lat / Lon N59º30.2’E017º44.3’ Altitude 12,790 feet Final Evolution of the Air Traffic ClearanceNew Language Composed by Automation Point Type Fly-by waypoint Turn Direction Left • 1,,,N59397E017581. • 1,R,113,N59401E018009,108,090122. • C,,,N59376E018019,500,090227. • 0,R,557,N59359E017585,769,090306. • 0,L,934,N59302E017443,1279,090456. • 0,,,N59070E017184,2511,090907. • 0,R,1893,N59044E017155,2604,090932. • B,,,N58515E016548,3032,091149. • 8,,,N58380E016335,3500,091408. • 0,,,N58366E016312,3500,091423. • 0,,,N57592E015342,3500,092051. • 0,,,N57388E015041,3500,092420. • 0,,,N57024E014122,3500,093032. • 0,,,N56455E013489,3500,093323. • 9,,,N56354E013354,3500,093504. 0,L,934,N59302E017443,1279,090456 Turn Radius9.34 NM 7

  8. What does Data Comm do? • Enhances controller productivity • Reduces voice communications and related workload • Automates voice handoffs • Enables higher sector capacity • Improves task distribution among controller team members • Enables new services • Many planned functions require a/g data exchange that cannot effectively be performed using voice • Expands ability to use time-based metering, point-in-space routing, etc • Improves Safety • Reduces voice communications-related errors

  9. Benefit Pools • Efficiency • Improves service, enabling users to reduce operating costs • Operational cost control by providing aircraft flight data required to make NAS operations and air traffic predictable and consistent • Reduced controller staffing growth as traffic increases • Capacity • Increasing traffic each controller can handle through automation of repetitive tasks. • Improving sector throughput and arrival rates by increasing effectiveness of automation tools (TFM, TMA, conflict probe) • Increasing predictability of aircraft operations through 4D trajectory management • Reduce delays associated with airborne ATC constraints • Reduced Operational Errors associated with voice communications • Data messages accurate, efficient, addressed to specific aircraft

  10. Data Comm Capabilities Today 2010 2015 2020 2025 DC In Tower Airspace Rule DC In En Route DC In TRACON Red = Terminal Function Black = En Route Function Purple = Cross Domain Function • Original + Revised Departure Clearances, D-ATIS • TRACON Data Comm Including Routine Clearances, Comm Mgmt, 4-D TAP/CDA & Time Based Metering • Clearances • Widespread 4-D Agreements • Complex Clearances & Expanded 4-D • Conformance Management • Comm Mgmt • TFM Reroutes • Time Based Metering • Airport Status, Taxi-In, Taxi-Out • NAS Status / Delays / Constraints / Sequencing & Hazardous WX • Initial 4-D = Tailored Arrival Procedures (TAP) / Continuous Descent Approaches (CDA) to OEP Airports • Widespread Delegated Separation = Merging & Spacing (M&S), Crossing and Passing (C&P), In-Trail Procedures (ITP), Paired Approaches ( PAIRAPP) • Initial Implementation – Mid Term • Implemented in the En Route and Tower Environments • Basic data communications services for controllers and flight crews such as clearances, requests, and instructions as a supplement to voice • Procedures using trajectories to manage continuous approaches on a limited bases at OEP airports • Follow-on – Far Term • Data Communications capabilities will transition to include Terminal • Implementation of 4-D trajectory agreements in performance-based airspace • Conformance management to monitor trajectory agreements

  11. System Scope Program Scope FAA System Scope User System Scope 5.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 Ground 3.0 Ground 4.0 Air- 1.0 Ground Airborne Airborne Airborne Data Message Ground User Message Data User Processing Delivery Message Interface Delivery Processing Interface (GDP) (GMD) Delivery (GUI) Controller Flight Crew (AMD) (ADP) (AUI) (AGMD) • FAA System Scope • Program funds enhancements required to perform data communications in: • Ground User Interface (e.g. ERAM/DSR display software) • Ground Data Processing (e.g. application software to create clearances) • Ground Data Delivery (e.g. wide area networking between ground facilities) • Ground components of A/G Message Delivery (e.g. radio, ground antenna) • User System Scope • Users fund enhancements required to perform data communications in: • Airborne components of A/G Message Delivery (e.g. aircraft radio, antenna) • Airborne Message Delivery (e.g. aircraft networking) • Airborne Data Processing (e.g. app s/w in comm & flight management units) • Airborne User Interface (e.g. cockpit displays & s/w)

  12. Data Communications Avionics Architecture Architecture Considerations: • Data Comm apps integration • CMU to FMS • Future apps evolution/allocation • App convergence • Potential for simultaneous Air/ Ground data link connections • Two radios in data mode • CMU support • Failure Recovery modes • Airborne data recording • Multiple comm protocol operations • Air/Ground security • H/W be specified such that later NextGen services require only S/W update Digital Radio Comm Mgt Integration Forward Field of View Message Display Flight Mgt System Alerting Display ARINC Characteristic 660a legacy context

  13. Airline SOC DoD/DHS NNEW ERAM ERAM TDLS TDLS TFM TFM Airborne SWIM & Data Comm • Trajectory negotiations/resolutions • Aircraft Intent & Status Downlink • Taxi instructions Collaborative ATM Trajectory Negotiations Weather Airspace status NOTAMS PDC Revisions TFM Reroutes Airborne SWIM Characteristics • Advisory data • Commercial spectrum, market driven • User defined requirements: • Authentication • Reliability • Design assurance • Delivery (e.g. best effort) • Latency • Controls and displays • FMS integration • International usage based on reach of service provider DataComm Characteristics • Command and Control exchanges • Protected spectrum • Safety Assessment Drives : • High reliability • High safety assurance levels based on • Guaranteed delivery • Low latency • International usage based on agreements • Standardized controls and displays • FMS integration

  14. Acquisition Strategy • Two major acquisition elements • Automation • Air-ground network • Automation efforts focus on existing platforms • Air-Ground network strategy to maximize competition and minimize risk • Weighing full spectrum of options from performance based service contract to FAA owned-and-operated • Market survey underway to understand competitive environment in preparation for SIR development

  15. The Benefits of Data Comm • Significant Reductions in Ground Delays • Fuel Savings from TAPs, CDAs, and more efficient routes • Increased Sector Throughput • More Timely and Effective Clearances • More Time to Think and Select Appropriate Actions • More Orderly Work SituationDuring Traffic Rushes

  16. Data Communications Back-up Slides

  17. Day In The Life of Data Comm – Segment 1 • Pre-Departure • Logon • ATIS • Departure Clearance & Revisions • Departure Taxi & Take-Off • Departure Taxi • Take-Off via Voice • Departure in TRACON • Voice • En Route • Voice • Data for Routine Clearances • TFM Aircraft Specific Re-Routes • Initial 4-DTailored Arrival Procedures (TAP) Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) • Communications Management • Arrival In TRACON • Voice • Arrival Airport • Voice • Arrival Taxi • Voice

  18. Pre-Departure Logon ATIS Departure Clearances & Revisions CDM Agreements, Slot Times or Sequence, NAS Status Updates Departure Taxi & Take-Off Departure Taxi & Revisions(?) Take-Off via Voice Departure in TRACON Voice Data for Routine Clearances Communications Management Conformance Monitoring En Route Voice - Non-Routine & Tactical Communications Management 4-D TAP / CDA Data as Required Means Day In The Life of Data Comm – Segment 2 • En Route (Con’t) • 4-D Trajectory Based Ops Begin • Conformance Monitoring • Hazardous In-Flight Weather Information • Arrival In TRACON • Voice • Data for Routine Clearances • Communications Management • Initial 4-D TAP / CDA • Conformance Monitoring • Arrival Taxi Instructions(?) • Arrival Airport • Voice • Arrival Taxi Instructions Confirmation via Voice(?) • Arrival Taxi • Voice • Arrival Taxi Instruction Updates(?)

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