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Culture

Explore the levels, dimensions, and archetypes of organizational culture, and how it influences individuals and their actions. Discover how culture is shaped and translated through ceremonies, rituals, stories, and symbols. Find out the difference between strong and weak cultures and their implications.

lucyjenny
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Culture

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  1. Culture

  2. What People Say… • “It was a good job, but I just didn’t fit in.” • “The company’s values weren’t my values.” • “Everything was just too ___________.” • Formal • Chaotic • Competitive • These all involve theorganization’s culture.

  3. Culture Defined A system of sharedmeanings and beliefs in an organization that influence how people act

  4. Levels of Culture Artifacts – visible organizational structures and processes Espoused values– strategies, goals, philosophies (espoused justifications) Basic Assumptions –unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings (ultimate sources of values and actions) Levels of culture from:, E. Schein, 1999, The Corporate Culture Survival Guide, Jossey Bass.

  5. Where does culture come from? • Often reflects a founder’s values and vision • The culture of this class comes from my experiences in organizations, as a student, as a teacher • Is built from shared experiences and success. • Has been called the “residue of success” – reflects social learning about what works • Also reflects the industry, national and societal culture

  6. Pervasive Influence of Culture in Organizations • Filters what individuals see, how they interpret it, what they can do to take action. • Once established, culture tends to be very stable • Can be changed, with difficulty, in times of crisis by strong leaders

  7. Describing Culture – 7 underlying dimensions

  8. Common Types of Organizational Cultures Bureaucratic Clan Entrepreneurial Market

  9. Bureaucratic Culture(“Command and Control”) • Formalization • Rules • Standard operating procedures • Hierarchical coordination

  10. Clan Culture Tradition Loyalty Personal commitment Extensive socialization Teamwork

  11. Adhocracy (Entrepreneurial) Culture High levels of risk taking Dynamism Creativity

  12. Market Culture Achievement of measurable and demanding goals Especially those that are financial and/or market-based Very contractual arrangement

  13. Cultural Dimensions • Bureaucracy • Low risk taking, high attention to detail, high stability • Clan • High people and team orientation • Entrepreneurial • High risk orientation, low stability. • Likely to be some of: high people, high team, • high outcome, high aggressiveness • Market • High outcome orientation and risk taking

  14. How is Culture Translated? • Ceremonies • Rites (of passage, initiations) • Rituals • Stories • Myths • Heroes • Symbols • Language

  15. Strong vs. Weak Cultures • Strong cultures: Key components of culture are intensely held and widely shared • Strong cultures are associated with • Greater influence on employees • More committed employees • But strong cultures aren’t always good • Cults!

  16. Summary • Levels of Culture • Dimensions • Archetypes • Translating Culture • When are cultures good or bad?

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