Biological Control of Boneseed

1. Biological Control of Boneseed

2. Boneseed Bio-control Agents Introduced to Australia • Chrysanthemoides tip mothin 1989 • Three leaf-feeding beetles during the early 1990s • A seed-feeding fly in 1998 • Boneseed leafroller in April 2000 • Boneseed leaf buckle mite 2008

4. Boneseed Bio-control Agents Introduced to Australia • Chrysanthemoides tip mothin 1989 • Three leaf-feeding beetles during the early 1990s • A seed-feeding fly in 1998 • Boneseed leafroller in April 2000 • Boneseed leaf buckle mite 2008

6. Boneseed Bio-control Agents Introduced to Australia • Chrysanthemoides tip mothin 1989 • Three leaf-feeding beetles during the early 1990s • A seed-feeding fly in 1998 • Boneseed leafroller in April 2000 • Boneseed leaf buckle mite 2008

8. Boneseed Bio-control Agents Introduced to Australia • Chrysanthemoides tip mothin 1989 • Three leaf-feeding beetles during the early 1990s • A seed-feeding fly in 1998 • Boneseed leafroller in April 2000 • Boneseed leaf buckle mite 2008

11. Boneseed Bio-control Agents Introduced to Australia • Chrysanthemoides tip mothin 1989 • Three leaf-feeding beetles during the early 1990s • A seed-feeding fly in 1998 • Boneseed leafroller in April 2000 • Boneseed leaf buckle mite 2008

14. Bio-control Agent Being Considered for Introduction to Australia A rust fungus Host-range testing may take two or three more years to complete

15. Boneseed Leafroller in NZ Releases: 2007-2008 • 12,500 Larvae • 3080 Adults • 36 Sites Establishment • North Island: looking fairly promising • South Island: not recovered after winter

21. Boneseed rust: Highly promising biocontrol agent Spore containing pustules on leaf Witches’ broom symptom

23. Host-range Testing of the Boneseed Rust • Began in 2007 in South Africa. Detached leaf assay Penetration point Basidiospore Intracellular vesicle

24. Whole plant inoculation trial, to run for 3 years - needed for witches’ broom symptom development

25. Stemphyllium/leaf roller synergy? -tip dieback