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Biological Control Principles

Biological Control Principles. Natural Control. Biological Control Definition. “The use of living organisms to suppress the population of a specific pest organism, making it less abundant or less damaging than it would otherwise be” (Eilenberg et al., 2001). Biological Control.

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Biological Control Principles

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  1. Biological Control Principles

  2. Natural Control

  3. Biological ControlDefinition “The use of living organisms to suppress the population of a specific pest organism, making it less abundant or less damaging than it would otherwise be” (Eilenberg et al., 2001)

  4. Biological Control

  5. Predators • Feed on all stages of prey • Predators kill more than one individual • Not highly specialized • Chewing and sucking predators • More than half are Coleoptera

  6. Parasitoids • Endo and Ecto parasitoids • Parasitoid larvae are the ones feeding • Solitary or gregarious • Multiple parasitism • Superparasitism • Egg, larval, pupal and adult parasitoids

  7. Parasitoids can alter host behavior

  8. Parasitoids can alter host behavior

  9. Bio-control is Diverse!

  10. Pathogens • Bacteria • Fungi • Viruses • Nematodes • Protozoa

  11. Pathogens • Survive longer in the field but have low virulence • Biological alternative to chemical insecticides

  12. Bacteria Out of all, Bacillus thurigiensis is the most used • 1921: reported in Japan. • 1940s: Commercial prep. Available in France • 39% of biopesticides • Lep, Dip and Colep strains Crystals containing poison

  13. Viruses • Out of 6 groups only 3 are safe: -Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) -Granulosis visus (GV) -Citoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (CPV) • Family Specific • Need to be ingested

  14. Fungi • Can penetrate cuticle

  15. Nematodes • Three important families: - Steinenermatidae - Heterorhabditidae - Mermithidae • Useful for soil and bark insects

  16. Bio-control is Diverse!

  17. Low Economic Injury Levels High Pest Density Biological Control is not always applicable Eradication Programs

  18. Biological control is an old practice

  19. The three methods of Bio-control • Classical Biological control • Augmentation - Inoculation - Inundation • Conservation Bio-control

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