Organizational Theory

1. Organizational Theory • I. Classical Approach to Organizations • A. General Characteristics of Classical Approach • B. Max Weber: Development of bureaucracy • 1. characteristics of bureaucracy • 2. problems with each of the characteristics

2. Organizational Theory • B. Frederick Taylor: Scientific Management • 1. Assumptions of scientific management • 2. Methods for identifying ‘best’ workers • C. Luther Gulick and Wendall Urwick: Principles of Administration • 1. Responsibilities of the Leader • 2. Recognized four different ways to organize work

3. Organizational Theory • II. Human Relations or Neo-classical Approach to Organizations • A. Assumptions of human relations approach • B. Mary Parker Follett: conflict resolution • C. Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Experiments • 1. How did the experiments work? • 2. What were the results of the experiments? • D. Chester Barnard: Zone of Indifference

4. Organizational Theory • E. Iowa Experiments • 1. What were the experiments? • 2. What were their findings? • 3. Why is it argued that the findings are not useful to other organizations? • III. Organizational Humanism • A. Assumptions of this approach • B. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs • C. Douglas McGregor • 1. Assumptions of Theory X • 2. Assumptions of Theory Y

5. Organizational Theory • IV. The Modern Approach to Organizations • A. Explain how this approach differs from earlier approaches • B. Systems Theory • 1. Closed system characteristics • 2. Open system characteristics • C. William Ouchi: Theory Z • D. Total Quality Management