1 / 14

CH 19: Civil Rights

CH 19: Civil Rights. Ms. Bittman’s AP American Government and Politics. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Establish separate but equal as acceptable. Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Struck down Plessy . “Separate but equal” has no place in education. Unanimous decision

luella
Download Presentation

CH 19: Civil Rights

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. CH 19: Civil Rights Ms. Bittman’s AP American Government and Politics

  2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Establish separate but equal as acceptable

  3. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Struck down Plessy. • “Separate but equal” has no place in education. • Unanimous decision • Was supposed to be implemented “with all due speed” but 100 Southern Congressmen resist, create Southern Manifesto in 1956. • Senate Judiciary Committee and House Rules Committee held up civil rights legislation.

  4. De jure and de facto segregation differ. • De jure is set by law, eg. Jim Crow laws. • De facto is the result of facts, eg. local schools are segregated because neighborhoods are segregated. • Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. To violate Constitution, must have: • Intent to segregate • All-white or all-black schools create presumption of intent. • Remedy may include quotas. • Freeman v. Pitts: Schools not responsible if live apart.

  5. Nonviolent civil disobedience critical to civil rights movement. • Montgomery bus boycott (1955-56): Led by MLK after Rosa Parks • Freedom riders (1950’s) • Lunch counter sit-ins (1950’s)

  6. March on Washington • 1963 • Dr. King delivers “I Have a Dream” speech at Lincoln Memorial. • Four summers of riots • 1964-68

  7. Congress stonewalls, but then things change. • Why the change? • Young adults in country are more liberal. • Civil rights violations become more visible to the public. • JFK dies. 1964 returns LBJ to presidency and Democrats to Congress (but remember some Southern Democrats were still very conservative).

  8. Legislation • Civil Rights Act of 1964: accommodations • Voting Rights Act of 1965: voter registration • Civil Rights Act/Housing Act of 1968: fair housing

  9. 1988: Congress says no federal dollars to institutions that discriminate.

  10. Standards for considering state legislation: • If the law is not about a fundamental right or a suspect classification, then apply • Rational basis: Did state have a rational basis for passing the law? • Where fundamental right or suspect classification (determined to violate “equal protection”) is at issue, Court will apply Strict Scrutiny. • State needs compelling government interest. • State must use least restrictive means. • Gender discrimination is in between, quasi suspect.

  11. Sexual harassment • If employer requires favors for promotion or employment, quid pro quo, then strictly liable. • Employers are liable if they “negligently” permit a “hostile work environment.”

  12. Abortion • Griswold v. Connecticut establishes right to privacy, penumbra of rights in BOR. • Roe v. Wade recognizes state interests, especially in third trimester and in second. • Casey v. Planned Parenthood: Uses viability standard. Struck spousal notice, but upheld parental notice and 24 hour waiting period. • State must make exceptions for life and health of the mother.

  13. Affirmative Action • Gratz v. Bollinger: No preferential status on race alone. Separate charts would be bad. • Grutter v. Bollinger: Diversity is a factor that can be positively considered in assembling classes, especially for graduate programs in law. Portfolio is good. • Reverse discrimination: Majority group disadvantaged. • Equality of opportunity: Equal access to chances, traditional view of family and opportunities. • Congress in Civil Rights Act of 1991: • Quotas subject to strict scrutiny • Only to correct past discrimination • Most show more than statistics • Defer to federal quotas • Voluntary (contractual) more likely to be supported • Not good for lay offs • (What is compensatory action? When appropriate?

  14. GLBT • Still emerging • Many fights on state constitution level. • Court has upheld rights of parade organizers to determine own message.

More Related